2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOBVerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00332 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOBCHAPTER 4CHINA’S PUBLIC DIPLOMACYINITIATIVES REGARDING FOREIGN ANDNATIONAL SECURITY POLICYIntroductionRecent years have seen significant debate about what China’semergence as a great power means for the rest of the world. 1 AsChina’s economy has grown, Chinese investments, diplomatic influence,and military presence have assumed ever more prominentinternational profiles. Furthermore, the emergence of a more complexfield of foreign policy actors in the People’s Republic of China(PRC) has brought diverse—and sometimes conflicting—institutionalinterests and voices into China’s foreign and national securitydecision-making process. 2 (For further discussion of this topic,see chap. 3, sec. 2, of this Report, ‘‘Actors in China’s Foreign Policy.’’)Major questions have circulated regarding the future intentionsof the Chinese state: Having achieved economic and diplomaticclout that might have seemed unimaginable a generation ago, whatdo China’s leaders intend to do with it? And how will the steadilyincreasing capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) factorinto future Chinese foreign policy, particularly given the PRC’sgrowing economic interests abroad and its continuing territorialdisputes with many of the countries on its periphery? In responseto these questions, the Chinese government has declared itself tobe focused, in the economic realm, on development and mutuallybeneficial trade; in the military sphere, on building an adequateself-defensive capacity and protecting its sovereignty and territorialintegrity, while striving to maintain peaceful relations with itsneighbors; and in international affairs, on pursuing cooperative actionon issues such as climate change, terrorism, and counterproliferation.3Other observers have questioned such messages, however, inlight of China’s continued backing for North Korea and its aggressiveefforts to assert sovereignty over disputed territories in regionssuch as the South China Sea and the border with India. 4 Such reassurancesare also called into question by scholars who describethe influence on China’s leaders of zero-sum thinking about internationalrelations, 5 as well as by those who identify a legacy of deceptioneither in China’s traditional strategic culture 6 or in thepractices of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). 7The Commission undertook efforts in 2011 to assess the natureof China’s propaganda messages directed to international audi-(321)VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00333 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
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12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
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23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
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25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
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31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
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35of bilateral negotiations under t
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37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
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39that China’s existing system of
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41now. Because the structures of th
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43How Big Is China’s State Sector
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45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
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47panies are less profitable, after
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49erate primarily within state-cont
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57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
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63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
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65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
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71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
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77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
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81China in Search of Western Techno
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83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
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89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
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95Consultative Conference National
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99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
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101Dr. Shih has testified before th
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103ment subsidies, which in turn wi
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105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
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113drivers cited increased fuel pri
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123uating from college and hoping t
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131unfairly or unjustifiably harm U
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161gress, the DoD noted that China
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165eral U.S. military policies, inc
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167Figure 1:Territorial Disputes in
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171provides guidelines for dealing
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173network exploitations to facilit
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181ligence, surveillance, and recon
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187Therefore, the PLA maintains the
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189Of import, the PLA’s geographi
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197ther moves toward independence,
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199trates the depth of China’s sp
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201Figure 2:Representation of Beido
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205ganization, modeled on the Europ
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207China’s leadership also places
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211[General Armaments Department] p
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213Table 2: Select Chinese Satellit
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215weapons or coorbital satellite w
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217Malicious Cyber ActivitiesDirect
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RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
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239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
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243woman Jiang Yu simply expressed
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245Table 1:Timeline of Sino-North K
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249China also provides economic sup
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251economic and social strains woul
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255Iran’s South Pars Gas Field af
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257When asked by Commissioners abou
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Page 289 and 290: 281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
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375ecutive Schedule under section 5
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APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
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393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
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397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
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APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
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401The National Security Implicatio
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APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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