2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB30456. International Crisis Group, ‘‘China and North Korea: Comrades Forever?’’Asia Report 112 (Brussels, Belgium: February 1, 2006): 11.57. Patrick Chovanec, ‘‘The Nine Nations of China,’’ Atlantic (November 2009).http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/11/the-nine-nations-of-china/7769/;and Bruce W. Bennett, ‘‘Uncertainties in the North Korean Nuclear Threat,’’ DocumentedBriefing (Arlington, VA: RAND Corporation, 2010): vii.58. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sForeign Policy: Challenges and Players, written testimony of Victor Cha, April 13,2011.59. Selig S. Harrison, ‘‘China’s North Korean Calculations,’’ New York Times,January 6, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/07/opinion/07iht-edharrison07.html.60. Dick K. Nanto and Mark E. Manyin, ‘‘China-North Korea Relations’’ (Washington,DC: Congressional Research Service, December 28, 2010), p. 6; and InternationalCrisis Group, ‘‘China and Inter-Korean Clashes in the Yellow Sea’’ Asia Report200 (Brussels, Belgium: January 21, 2011): i.61. Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War (New York, NY: Columbia UniversityPress, 1994), pp. 158–160; and Richard W. Stewart, ‘‘The Korean War: TheChinese Intervention, 3 November 1950—24 January 1951’’ (Washington, DC: Departmentof the Army, Center for Military History Publication 19–8, 2000). http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/kw-chinter/chinter.htm.62. International Crisis Group, ‘‘China and Inter-Korean Clashes in the YellowSea,’’ Asia Report 200 (Brussels, Belgium: January 21, 2011): 12.63. International Trade Centre, ‘‘Trade Map’’ (Geneva, Switzerland: September29, 2011). http://www.trademap.org/light/Bilateral_TS.aspx.64. International Crisis Group, ‘‘China and North Korea: Comrades Forever?’’Asia Report 112 (Brussels, Belgium: February 1, 2006): i; and Drew Thompson, SilentPartners: Chinese Joint Ventures in North Korea (Washington, DC: U.S.-KoreaInstitute at the School for Advanced International Studies, February 2011), p. 4.65. Selig S. Harrison, ‘‘China’s North Korean Calculations,’’ New YorkTimes,, January, 6,, 2011., http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/07/opinion/07iht-edharrison07.html.66. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sForeign Policy: Challenges and Players, written testimony of Victor Cha, April 13,2011.67. For more details on the violations and list of possible sanctions, see The Iranand Libya Sanctions Act, Public Law 104–172, 104th Cong., 2nd sess. (August 5,1996); The Iran Nonproliferation Act, Public Law 106–178, 106th Cong., 2nd sess.(March 14, 2000); The Iran Nonproliferation Amendments Act of 2005, Public Law109–112, 109th Cong., 1st sess. (November 22, 2005); The North Korea NonproliferationAct, Public Law 109–353, 109th Cong., 2nd sess. (October 13, 2006); The IranFreedom Support Act, Public Law 109–293, 109th Cong., 2nd sess. (September 30,2006); and The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Actof 2010, Public Law 111–195, 111th Cong., 2nd sess. (July 1, 2010).68. Xinhua, ‘‘Waijiaobu: Zhongfang Jianjue Fandui Meiguo Zhicai ZhongguoGongci’’ (Foreign Ministry: China Firmly Opposes U.S. Sanctions Against ChineseCompanies), December 29, 2005. http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2005–12/29/content_3982636.htm.USCC staff translation.69. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, ‘‘2010 Nian 7Yue 6 Ri Waijiaobu Fayanren Qin Gang Juxing Lixing Jizhehui’’ (Ministry of ForeignAffairs Spokesperson Qin Gang Holds a Regular Press Conference, July 6,2010), July 6, 2010. http://www.mfa.gov.cn/chn/gxh/tyb/fyrbt/jzhsl/t714332.htm.USCC Staff translation.70. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sForeign Policy: Challenges and Players, written testimony of John W. Garver, April13, 2011.71. U.S. Government Accountability Office, ‘‘Firms Reported in Open Sources asHaving Commercial Activity in Iran’s Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Sectors’’ (Washington,DC: August 3, 2011), p. 3.72. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sForeign Policy: Challenges and Players, written testimony of John W. Garver, April13, 2011.73. Christian Oliver, ‘‘US tells China not to exploit sanctions on Iran,’’ FinancialTimes, August 2, 2010. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0253d046–9e28–11df-b377–00144feab49a.html.74. The companies listed as pulling out of projects there included Royal DutchShell, Repsol, OMV, and Total. Christian Oliver, ‘‘US tells China not to exploit sanc-VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00316 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464