2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB230141. John Markoff and David Barboza, ‘‘2 China Schools Said to Be Tied to OnlineAttacks,’’ New York Times, February 18, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/19/technology/19china.html.142. By comparison, 12 percent of the respondents (the next highest group)viewed the U.S. government as the greatest concern. Stewart Baker et al., In theDark: Crucial Industries Confront Cyberattacks (Santa Clara, CA: McAfee/Center forStrategic and International Studies, April 2011), pp. 20–22. http://www.mcafee.com/us/resources/reports/rp-critical-infrastructure-protection.pdf.143. Matthew Robertson and Helena Zhu, ‘‘Slip-Up in Chinese Military TV ShowReveals More Than Intended,’’ Epoch Times, updated August 28, 2011. http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/china-news/slip-up-in-chinese-military-tv-show-revealsmore-than-intended-60619.html;and Edward Wong, ‘‘China State TV Deletes VideoImplying Hacking of Western Sites,’’ New York Times, August 26, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/world/asia/27china.html.144. Andrew Erickson and Gabe Collins, ‘‘A Smoking Cursor? New WindowOpens on China’s Potential Cyberwarfare Development: CCTV 7 program raisesnew questions about Beijing’s support for hacking,’’ China SignPost, August 24,2011. http://www.chinasignpost.com/2011/08/a-smoking-cursor-new-window-opens-onchina%E2%80%99s-potential-cyberwarfare-development-cctv-7-program-raises-newquestions-about-beijing%E2%80%99s-support-for-hacking/.145. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military andSecurity Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington,DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 2011), p. 5.146. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense Strategy and its Regional Impact, written testimony of David A.Deptula, January 27, 2011.147. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense Strategy and its Regional Impact, written testimony of David A.Deptula, January 27, 2011.148. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense Strategy and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Martin C.Libicki, January 27, 2011.149. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense Strategy and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Martin C.Libicki, January 27, 2011.150. Michael Wines, ‘‘China Creates New Agency for Patrolling the Internet,’’New York Times, May 4, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/world/asia/05china.html.151. Josh Chin, ‘‘Following Jiang Death Rumors, China’s Rivers Go Missing,’’Wall Street Journal China Real Time Report, July 6, 2011. http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/07/06/following-jiang-death-rumors-chinas-rivers-go-missing/.152. Financial Times, ‘‘Why China fears the Arab spring,’’ February 28, 2011.http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3442a77c-4377-11e0-8f0d-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz1XIOaqqYu; Joe McDonald, ‘‘China Cracks Down On InternetContent,’’ Associated Press, August 24, 2011.153. Fang Yunyu, ‘‘China’s Great Firewall Father Speaks Out,’’ Global Times,February 18, 2011. http://special.globaltimes.cn/2011-02/624290.html. The originalsource is no longer available. A copy is preserved at http://cryptome.org/0003/gwf-father.htm.154. Richard Lai, ‘‘China tightens grip on VPN [virtual private networks] accessamid pro-democracy protests, Gmail users also affected,’’ Engadget, March 16, 2011.http://www.engadget.com/2011/03/16/china-tightens-grip-on-vpn-access-amid-pro-democracy-protests-g;and Oiwan Lam, ‘‘China: Cracking down circumvention tools,’’Global Voices Online, May 13, 2011. http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2011/05/13/china-cracking-down-circumvention-tools/.155. BBC News, ‘‘China: 1.3 million websites shut in 2010,’’ July 13, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14138267.156. BGPmon.net, Untitled, March 26, 2011. http://bgpmon.net/blog/?p=499; andFahmida Y. Rashid, ‘‘Facebook Traffic Diverted to China Raising Privacy Concerns,’’eWeek.com, March 25, 2011. http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Security/Facebook-Traffic-Diverted-to-China-Raising-Privacy-Concerns-130825/.157. See for example, Roger Cliff et al., Entering the Dragon’s Lair: ChineseAntiaccess Strategies and Their Implications for the United States (Arlington, VA:RAND Corporation, 2007); Thomas G. Mahnken, ‘‘China’s Anti-Access Strategy inHistorical and Theoretical Perspective,’’ Journal of Strategic Studies 34:3 (June2011): 299–323; Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Militaryand Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011(Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 2011); and Bill Gertz, ‘‘China ‘A2/VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00242 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB231AD’ [Anti-Access/Area Denial] Threat,’’ Washington Times, December 15, 2010.http://www.washington times.com/news/2010/dec/15/inside-the-ring-251245374/.158. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2009 Report to Congress(Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2009), pp. 113–127.159. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Robert J. Wittman,January 27, 2011.160. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Daniel K. Inouye, January27, 2011.161. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Oriana Skylar Mastro,January 27, 2011; U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearingon China’s Active Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Roger Cliff,January 27, 2011; and U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,Hearing on China’s Active Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony ofCortez A. Cooper, January 27, 2011.162. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Roger Cliff, January27, 2011.163. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Cortez A. Cooper, January27, 2011.164. Peng Guangqian and Yao Youzhi, eds., The Science of Military Strategy (Beijing,China: Military Science Publishing House, 2005), p. 452.165. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Cortez A. Cooper, January27, 2011.166. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Oriana Skylar Mastro,January 27, 2011.167. Mao Zedong, Problems of Strategy in China’s Revolutionary War (Peking[Beijing], China: Foreign Languages Press, 1965).168. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Roger Cliff, January27, 2011; U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of David A. Deptula,January 27, 2011; and U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission,Hearing on China’s Active Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony ofOriana Skylar Mastro, January 27, 2011.169. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Oriana Skylar Mastro,January 27, 2011.170. Peng Guangqian and Yao Youzhi, eds., The Science of Military Strategy (Beijing,China: Military Science Publishing House, 2005), p. 463.171. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Roger Cliff, January27, 2011.172. Zhang Yuliang, ed., Zhanyi Xue [The Science of Campaigns] (Beijing:Guofang Daxue Chubanshe, 2006), p. 89. USCC staff translation.173. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sActive Defense and its Regional Impact, written testimony of Roger Cliff, January27, 2011.174. Information Office of the State Council, China’s National Defense in 2010(Beijing, China: March 2011).175. Information Office of the State Council, China’s National Defense in 2008(Beijing, China: January 2009).176. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military andSecurity Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2010 (Washington,DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 2010), p. 24.177. Henry Kissinger, On China (New York: Penguin Press, 2011), p. 368.178. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military andSecurity Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2010 (Washington,DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 2010), p. 24.179. Andrew Scobell, China’s Use of Military Force: Beyond the Great Wall andthe Long March (New York, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 15.VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00243 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
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12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
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23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
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25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
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31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
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35of bilateral negotiations under t
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37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
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39that China’s existing system of
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41now. Because the structures of th
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43How Big Is China’s State Sector
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45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
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47panies are less profitable, after
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49erate primarily within state-cont
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57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
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63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
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65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
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71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
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77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
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81China in Search of Western Techno
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83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
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89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
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95Consultative Conference National
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99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
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101Dr. Shih has testified before th
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103ment subsidies, which in turn wi
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105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
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113drivers cited increased fuel pri
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123uating from college and hoping t
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131unfairly or unjustifiably harm U
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161gress, the DoD noted that China
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165eral U.S. military policies, inc
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167Figure 1:Territorial Disputes in
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171provides guidelines for dealing
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173network exploitations to facilit
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Page 189 and 190: 181ligence, surveillance, and recon
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Page 207 and 208: 199trates the depth of China’s sp
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Page 229 and 230: RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
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Page 247 and 248: 239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
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281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
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287of Request to the United States
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289fense, since its current fleet o
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3190aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News; Pete
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323mation Office. Day-to-day superv
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327Although the slogans change over
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335What Constitutes a ‘‘Core In
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339Selected CAIFC/CPD Track Two Exc
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341disseminated through diplomatic
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375ecutive Schedule under section 5
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APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
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393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
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397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
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APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
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401The National Security Implicatio
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APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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