2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

324Despite such efforts, the Chinese government’s attempt to find amore persuasive international voice may be hampered by its ownmisperceptions regarding foreign societies. Many Chinese officialsbelieve that western governments direct the media in their countriesto cast China in a negative light 26 as part of a vast campaignto contain China’s emergence as a great power. 27 The fact that theCCP feels the need to push back with ambitious media and publicdiplomacy efforts against an imaginary U.S.-led international conspiracy(see box, below) is highly revealing—both of the CCP’s nationalsecurity worldview and of the challenges the CCP faces insuccessfully adapting its propaganda messages to international audiences.The Chinese Communist Party and itsView of the United StatesThe CCP’s formulation of foreign and national security narrativesproceeds from the prism through which the party viewsthe world. This outlook differs significantly from the win-winmessages on international cooperation promoted by the PRC diplomaticcorps and foreign language media. Domestic PRC mediaand internal party messages reflect a view of the outside worldcharacterized by perceptions that China is surrounded by hostileactors. This produces a blinkered and distorted understanding ofthe international system as a whole and the United States inparticular.dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOBVerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00336 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464chapter4afig1.eps
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB325The Chinese Communist Party and itsView of the United States—ContinuedDespite widespread cynicism throughout Chinese society regardingCommunist doctrine, Marxist social analysis is still acentral element of CCP discourse, 28 to include traditional Marxistanalysis on capitalism and imperialism: As stated in summer2010 by an author in the Global Times, a newspaper controlledby the CCP Central Propaganda Department: 29To understand the provocations made by America . . . youmust have a basic understanding of this country’s natureand its global strategy. . . . As seen from its history, Americais constantly conducting war, searching for enemies,and in fact this is a normal condition of its social development.Without war, America cannot stimulate its economy.. . . America is set upon a path of war from which it cannotturn back. 30Senior PRC officials have also described the United States asan imperialist and militarist power, as when PRC Vice Premierand former Foreign Minister Qian Qichen stated in November2004 that U.S. policy ‘‘advocates [that] the United States shouldrule over the whole world with overwhelming force, militaryforce in particular.’’ 31 CCP analysis depicts the U.S.‘‘hegemon’’ 32 as carrying out a ‘‘highly cohesive master plan designedto strengthen and expand its global domination . . . thisperception breeds a conspiratorial view, which in turn predisposesChina to see ill intentions and sinister motives in everyU.S. act.’’ 33 The United States is specifically accused of:• Fomenting social unrest aimed at destabilizing Chinesesociety and overturning the government. 34 This narrativehas been dominant since 1989, when CCP leadersblamed the Tiananmen protests on a U.S.-led plot by‘‘hostile, reactionary foreign forces’’ intent on overthrowingChina’s ‘‘socialist system’’; 35• Intentionally bombing the PRC embassy annex in Belgradein 1999 to intimidate and humiliate a risingChina; 36• Linking U.S. overseas bases and military alliances intoa ‘‘C-shaped ring of encirclement’’ (ranging from Japanand South Korea, down to Southeast Asia and the IndianOcean, and up to Afghanistan) directed at containingChina; 37• Making calls for China to be a ‘‘responsible stakeholder’’in the international system, with the intent to weakenChina by trapping it in foreign entanglements; 38• Fostering the 2008 global financial crisis in an effort tohurt China’s economic growth; 39• Pressuring China to let the renminbi (RMB) appreciateas part of a ‘‘currency war’’ started by ‘‘American hegemony’’against China’s economy; 40VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00337 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
Page 1 and 2:
12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
Page 3 and 4:
U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
Page 5 and 6:
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_J
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
Page 33 and 34:
25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
35of bilateral negotiations under t
Page 45 and 46:
37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
Page 47 and 48:
39that China’s existing system of
Page 49 and 50:
41now. Because the structures of th
Page 51 and 52:
43How Big Is China’s State Sector
Page 53 and 54:
45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
Page 55 and 56:
47panies are less profitable, after
Page 57 and 58:
49erate primarily within state-cont
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
Page 73 and 74:
65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
Page 75 and 76:
67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
Page 77 and 78:
69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
Page 79 and 80:
71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
81China in Search of Western Techno
Page 91 and 92:
83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
95Consultative Conference National
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
Page 109 and 110:
101Dr. Shih has testified before th
Page 111 and 112:
103ment subsidies, which in turn wi
Page 113 and 114:
105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
113drivers cited increased fuel pri
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
123uating from college and hoping t
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
131unfairly or unjustifiably harm U
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
161gress, the DoD noted that China
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
165eral U.S. military policies, inc
Page 175 and 176:
167Figure 1:Territorial Disputes in
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
171provides guidelines for dealing
Page 181 and 182:
173network exploitations to facilit
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
181ligence, surveillance, and recon
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
187Therefore, the PLA maintains the
Page 197 and 198:
189Of import, the PLA’s geographi
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
197ther moves toward independence,
Page 207 and 208:
199trates the depth of China’s sp
Page 209 and 210:
201Figure 2:Representation of Beido
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
205ganization, modeled on the Europ
Page 215 and 216:
207China’s leadership also places
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
211[General Armaments Department] p
Page 221 and 222:
213Table 2: Select Chinese Satellit
Page 223 and 224:
215weapons or coorbital satellite w
Page 225 and 226:
217Malicious Cyber ActivitiesDirect
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
243woman Jiang Yu simply expressed
Page 253 and 254:
245Table 1:Timeline of Sino-North K
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
249China also provides economic sup
Page 259 and 260:
251economic and social strains woul
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
255Iran’s South Pars Gas Field af
Page 265 and 266:
257When asked by Commissioners abou
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282: dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_J
Page 289 and 290: 281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
Page 295 and 296: 287of Request to the United States
Page 297 and 298: 289fense, since its current fleet o
Page 327 and 328: 3190aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News; Pete
Page 331: 323mation Office. Day-to-day superv
Page 335 and 336: 327Although the slogans change over
Page 343 and 344: 335What Constitutes a ‘‘Core In
Page 347 and 348: 339Selected CAIFC/CPD Track Two Exc
Page 349 and 350: 341disseminated through diplomatic
Page 383 and 384:
375ecutive Schedule under section 5
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
Page 401 and 402:
393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
Page 407 and 408:
APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
Page 409 and 410:
401The National Security Implicatio
Page 411 and 412:
APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
Page 413 and 414:
show all

2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?