2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB316283. Ben Richardson and Sophie Leung, ‘‘China Vice Premier’s Hong Kong TourShows City in Dual Light,’’ Bloomberg News, August 16, 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011–08–16/chinese-vice-premier-s-hong-kong-tour-shows-city-indual-light.html;Ding Qingfen, Li Xiang, and Joseph Li, ‘‘Li Keqiang expresses supportfor Hong Kong,’’ China Daily, August 17, 2011. http://www.china.org.cn/china/2011–08/17/content_23226159.htm.284. Martin Wong, ‘‘The poor go short as food prices bite,’’ South China MorningPost, August 18, 2011. http://topics.scmp.com/news/hk-news-watch/article/The-poorgo-short-as-food-prices-bite;Robert Keatley, ‘‘Mid-Year Malaise: No Progress onLeading Issues,’’ Hong Kong Journal (July 2011). http://www.hkjournal.org/archive/commentaries/072011.htm.285. Rahul Jacob, ‘‘Entrepot with political attitude,’’ Financial Times, September12, 2011. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/93d33e44-d71b-11e0-bc73-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1YXNp9EeK; Ng Tze-wei and Chris Ip, ‘‘Beijing to bring HK courts into line,’’South China Morning Post, August 25, 2011. http://topics.scmp.com/news/hk-newswatch/article/Beijing-to-bring-HK-courts-into-line.286. Ng Tze-wei and Chris Ip, ‘‘Beijing to bring HK courts into line,’’ South ChinaMorning Post, August 25, 2011. http://topics.scmp.com/news/hk-news-watch/article/Beijing-to-bring-HK-courts-into-line; Dina Lee, ‘‘You be the judge,’’ Standard (HongKong), June 9, 2011. http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?sid=32661341&art_id=111924&con_type=1&pp_cat=30; and Isabella Steger and Lam Thuy Vo,‘‘Hong Kong Foreign Labor Law Challenged,’’ Wall Street Journal, August 22,2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904070604576517911520701054.html.287. U.S. Library of Congress, ‘‘China/Hong Kong: Congo Assets Case Tests SovereignImmunity’’ (Washington, DC: September 1, 2011). http://www.loc.gov/lawweb/servlet/lloc_news? disp3_l205402793_text.288. Agence France-Presse, ‘‘Lessons in patriotism for Hong Kong children,’’ May5, 2011. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iI-twQLD7GQZm9LgZHmNeaZFz-uQ?docId=CNG.b7f0a9c0dbc00c090e2f00b13916c384.11; Gordon Chang,‘‘China Tries to ‘Brainwash’ Hong Kong,’’ World Affairs Journal (May 16, 2011).http: // www.worldaffairsjournal.org/new/blogs/chang/China_Tries _ to _Brainwash_Hong_Kong.289. Ad Hoc Committee on Moral and National Education, Consultation on Moraland National Education Curriculum (Summary) (Hong Kong, SAR [Special AdministrativeRegion]: Hong Kong Ministry of Education, 2011), p. 19. http://www.edb.gov.hk/FileManager/TC/Content_2428/Consultation_on_MNE_Curriculum_%28Summary%29_2.pdf.290. National Democratic Institute, The Promise of Democratization in HongKong Report #14, Taking Stock: The Passage of the Political Reform Package (Washington,DC: November 2010), p. 14. http://www.ndi.org/files/Hong_Kong_political_assessment_14.pdf; Ngok Ma, ‘‘Hong Kong’s Democrats Divide,’’ Journal of Democracy22:1 (January 2011): 55.291. National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China, The Basic Lawof the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China(Beijing, China: April 4, 1990). http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/images/basiclaw_full_text.pdf.292. Michael F. Martin, Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: The 2012 ElectionReforms (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, February 2011), pp. 9–10. http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40992_20110201.pdf.293. National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China, Decision of theStanding Committee of the National People’s Congress on Issues Relating to theMethods for Selecting the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion and for Forming the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion in the Year 2012 and on Issues Relating to Universal Suffrage(Beijing, China: December 29, 2007). http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007–12/29/content_7334596.htm.294. Michael F. Martin, Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: The 2012 ElectionReforms (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, February 2011), pp. 5–15. http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/R40992_20110201.pdf; Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion Chief Executive Election (Amendment) Ordinance #1 of 2011, March10, 2011. http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr10–11/english/ord/ord001–11-e.pdf; Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region Legislative Council (Amendment) Ordinance #2 of2011, March 10, 2011. http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr10–11/english/ord/ord002–11-e.pdf.295. China Daily, ‘‘Nod to HK electoral reform ‘a victory,’’’ June 26, 2010. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2010–06/26/content_10022648.htm.296. Chan Kin Man, ‘‘Cleavages and Challenges in Hong Kong’s Pro-DemocracyCamp,’’ Hong Kong Journal (July 2011): 3. http://www.hkjournal.org/PDF/2011_fall/VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00328 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB3173.pdf; Chris Yeung, ‘‘Political Changes Cloud the Future,’’ Hong Kong Journal (January2011). http://www.hkjournal.org/archive/2011_spring/2.htm.297. Chan Kin Man, ‘‘Cleavages and Challenges in Hong Kong’s Pro-DemocracyCamp,’’ Hong Kong Journal (July 2011): 3. http://www.hkjournal.org/PDF/2011_fall/3.pdf; Chris Yeung, ‘‘Political Changes Cloud the Future,’’ Hong Kong Journal (January2011). http://www.hkjournal.org/archive/2011_spring/2.htm.298. Coleen Lee, ‘‘Democrats lick wounds as 30 reform radicals quit,’’ Standard(Hong Kong), December 20, 2011. http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?sid=30685198&art_id=106201&con_type=1&pp_cat=12.299. Hak Yin Li and Yongnian Zheng, ‘‘Grassroots Participation in Hong Kong:2007 District Council Elections and Their Aftermath’’ (Nottingham, United Kingdom:University of Nottingham China Policy Institute, 2008), p. 2. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk / cpi / documents / briefings / briefing-37-hk - grassroots-elections.pdf;Peter So and Tanna Chong, ‘‘Radicals take poll protest direct to Democratic Party,’’South China Morning Post, September 21, 2011. http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=4dccb46a80782310VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News.300. Tanna Chong, ‘‘Poll losses could endanger reform policy: Democrat,’’ SouthChina Morning Post, October 6, 2011. http://www.scmp.com/portal/site/SCMP/menuitem.2af62ecb329d3d7733492d9253a0a0a0/?vgnextoid=bbf31564134d2310VgnVCM100000360a0a0aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News.301. Willy Lam, ‘‘Beijing’s Hand in Hong Kong Politics,’’ The Jamestown FoundationChina Brief 4:12 (June 9, 2011) http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=26643; National Democratic Institute, The Promise of Democratizationin Hong Kong Report #12, The 2007 District Council Elections, LegislativeCouncil By-election, and Prospects for Constitutional Reform (Washington, DC: December2007). http://www.ndi.org/files/2243_hk_report_122807_0.pdf.302. Fanny W.Y. Fung and Lo Wei, ‘‘Voters spoilt for choice on crowded campaigntrail,’’ South China Morning Post, March 29, 2011. http://topics.scmp.com/news/whorunshk/article/Voters-spoilt-for-choice-on-crowded-campaign-trail1; Chan Kin Man,‘‘Cleavages and Challenges in Hong Kong’s Pro-Democracy Camp,’’ Hong Kong Journal(July 2011): 7. http://www.hkjournal.org/PDF/2011_fall/3.pdf; and Ngok Ma,‘‘Hong Kong’s Democrats Divide,’’ Journal of Democracy 22:1 (January 2011).303. Chan Kin Man, ‘‘Cleavages and Challenges in Hong Kong’s Pro-DemocracyCamp,’’ Hong Kong Journal (July 2011): 7. http://www.hkjournal.org/PDF/2011_fall/3.pdf.304. Hong Kong Journalists Association, 2011 Annual Report: Two Systems Compromised,Free Expression Under Threat in Hong Kong (Hong Kong, SAR [SpecialAdministrative Region]: July 2011). http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A109938&lang=en-US; Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Hong Kong: Investigate Police Actionsat July 1 Rally,’’ July 11, 2011. http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/07/11/hong-konginvestigate-police-actions-july-1-rally.305. Hong Kong Journalists Association, 2011 Annual Report: Two Systems Compromised,Free Expression Under Threat in Hong Kong (Hong Kong, SAR [SpecialAdministrative Region]: July 2011). http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A109938&lang=en-US.306. Hong Kong Journalists Association, 2011 Annual Report: Two Systems Compromised,Free Expression Under Threat in Hong Kong (Hong Kong, SAR [SpecialAdministrative Region]: July 2011). http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A1–938&lang=en-US.307. Human Rights Watch, ‘‘Hong Kong: Investigate Police Actions at July 1Rally,’’ July 11, 2011. http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/07/11/hong-kong-investigatepolice-actions-july-1-rally.308. Hong Kong Press Photographers Association and Hong Kong Journalists Association,‘‘Stop bullying Hong Kong People, we have a right to know!’’ August 20,2011. http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A1–950&lang=en-US.309. Hong Kong Press Photographers Association and Hong Kong Journalists Association,‘‘Stop bullying Hong Kong People, we have a right to know!’’ August 20,2011. http://www.hkja.org.hk/site/portal/Site.aspx?id=A1–950&lang=en-US.310. Associated Press, ‘‘Hong Kong worries about China’s tightening grip,’’September 1, 2011. http://news.yahoo.com/hong-kong-worries-china-tightening-grip-092019428.html.311. Associated Press, ‘‘Hong Kong worries about China’s tightening grip,’’September 1, 2011. http://news.yahoo.com/hong-kong-worries-china-tightening-grip-092019428.html.312. International Federation of Journalists, ‘‘IFJ Fears Erosion of Editorial Independencein Hong Kong,’’ September 13, 2011. http://asiapacific.ifj.org/en/articles/ifj-fears-erosion-of-editorial-independence-in-hong-kong; Reuters, ‘‘Broadcasters pro-VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00329 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
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12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
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23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
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25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
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31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
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35of bilateral negotiations under t
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37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
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39that China’s existing system of
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41now. Because the structures of th
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43How Big Is China’s State Sector
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45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
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47panies are less profitable, after
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49erate primarily within state-cont
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57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
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63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
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65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
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71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
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77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
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81China in Search of Western Techno
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83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
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89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
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95Consultative Conference National
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99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
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101Dr. Shih has testified before th
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103ment subsidies, which in turn wi
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105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
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113drivers cited increased fuel pri
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123uating from college and hoping t
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131unfairly or unjustifiably harm U
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161gress, the DoD noted that China
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165eral U.S. military policies, inc
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167Figure 1:Territorial Disputes in
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171provides guidelines for dealing
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173network exploitations to facilit
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181ligence, surveillance, and recon
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187Therefore, the PLA maintains the
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189Of import, the PLA’s geographi
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197ther moves toward independence,
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199trates the depth of China’s sp
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201Figure 2:Representation of Beido
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205ganization, modeled on the Europ
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207China’s leadership also places
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211[General Armaments Department] p
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213Table 2: Select Chinese Satellit
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215weapons or coorbital satellite w
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217Malicious Cyber ActivitiesDirect
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RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
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239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
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243woman Jiang Yu simply expressed
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245Table 1:Timeline of Sino-North K
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249China also provides economic sup
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251economic and social strains woul
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255Iran’s South Pars Gas Field af
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257When asked by Commissioners abou
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Page 289 and 290: 281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
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375ecutive Schedule under section 5
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APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
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393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
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397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
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APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
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401The National Security Implicatio
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APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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