2011 report to congress - U.S.-China Economic and Security Review ...

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB22411e0-8b29-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1XNytDPPd; Bill Gertz, ‘‘China begins to build itsown aircraft carrier,’’ Washington Times, August 1, 2011. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/aug/1/china-begins-to-build-its-own-aircraft-carrier/?page=1; andMichael Wines, ‘‘China Begins Sea Trials of its First Aircraft Carrier,’’ New YorkTimes, August 10, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/world/asia/11china.html?lr=1.20. Gabe Collins and Andrew Erickson, ‘‘China’s J–15 No Game Changer,’’ Diplomat(Tokyo, Japan), June 23, 2011. http://the-diplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/ 2011/06/23/china%E2%80%99s-j-15-no-game-changer/; and Associated Press, ‘‘China’s firstaircraft carrier begins sea trials amid concerns over Asian giant’s ambitions,’’ August10, 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/chinas-first-aircraftcarrier-starts-sea-trial-as-rebuilding-and-test-work-continue/2011/08/09/gIQA6tBV5Ilstory.html.21. David A. Fulghum, ‘‘New Chinese Ship-Based Fighter Progresses,’’ AviationWeek, April 28, 2011. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story.jsp?id=news/asd/2011/04/27/02.xml&channel=defense.22. J. Michael Cole, ‘‘China Unveils Carrier Trainer on State TV,’’ Jane’s DefenceWeekly, 48: 26 (June 29, 2011): 15.23. Kanwa Intelligence Review, ‘‘PLA Navy’s Grander Carrier DevelopmentProgram,’’ September 20, 2010; and Kanwa Intelligence Review, ‘‘PLA Navy BuildingFlight Training Base at Yanliang,’’ August 20, 2010. http://www.kanwa.com/cindex.html.24. Hu Yinan, Li Xiaokun, and Cui Haipei, ‘‘Official confirms China building aircraftcarrier,’’ China Daily, July 12, 2011. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-07/12/contentl12881089.htm; and Bill Gertz, ‘‘China begins to build its own aircraftcarrier,’’ Washington Times, August 1, 2011. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/aug/1/china-begins-to-build-its-own-aircraft-carrier/?page=1.25. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military andSecurity Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington,DC: Department of Defense, 2011), p. 3.26. Jeremy Page, ‘‘China Says Carrier Won’t Alter Naval Strategy,’’ Wall StreetJournal, July 28, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111903635604576472014072981554.html.27. Meng Na and Zhang Chunxiao, ‘‘Aircraft carrier will not change defensivenature of China’s policies,’’ Xinhua, August 10, 2011. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2011-08/10/cl131041116.htm.28. Jonathan Watts, ‘‘China admits ‘secret’ aircraft carrier is nearly ready forlaunch,’’ Guardian (United Kingdom), June 8, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/08/china-aircraft-carrier-near-launch.29. Meng Na and Zhang Chunxiao, ‘‘Aircraft carrier will not change defensivenature of China’s policies,’’ Xinhua, August 10, 2011. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/indepth/2011-08/10/cl131041116.htm.30. Michael Wines, ‘‘China Begins Sea Trials of its First Aircraft Carrier,’’New York Times, August 10, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/11/world/asia/11china.html?lr=1.31. Michael McDevitt (rear admiral in the U.S. Navy (Retired)), e-mail correspondencewith Commission staff, September 20, 2011.32. Nan Li and Christopher Weuve, ‘‘China’s Aircraft Carrier Ambitions,’’ U.S.Naval War College Review 63: 1 (Winter 2010): 25. http://www.usnwc.edu/Research—Gaming/China-Maritime-Studies-Institute/Publications/documents/China-s-Aircraft-Carrier-Ambitions—An-Update1.pdf.33. Nan Li and Christopher Weuve, ‘‘China’s Aircraft Carrier Ambitions,’’ U.S.Naval War College Review 63: 1 (Winter 2010): 25. http://www.usnwc.edu/Research—Gaming/China-Maritime-Studies-Institute/Publications/documents/China-s-Aircraft-Carrier-Ambitions—An-Update1.pdf.34. Yoichi Kato, ‘‘U.S. commander says China aims to be a ‘global military’power,’’ Asahi Shimbun (Japan), December 28, 2010. http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201012270241.html.35. Hu Yinan, Li Xiaokun, and Cui Haipei, ‘‘Official confirms China building aircraftcarrier,’’ China Daily, July 12, 2011. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-07/12/contentl12881089.htm.36. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Annual Report to Congress: Military andSecurity Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington,DC: Department of Defense, 2011), p. 3.37. Matthew M. Gula (congressional liaison at the U.S. Department of Defense),e-mail correspondence with Commission staff, September 20, 2011.VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00236 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$_JOB22538. Xinhua, ‘‘China’s defense budget to grow 12.7 pct in 2011: spokesman,’’March 4, 2011. http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/04/cl13761030.htm.39. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military and Security Developments Involvingthe People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington, DC: Department of Defense,2011), p. 41.40. Andrew S. Erickson and Adam P. Liff, ‘‘Understanding China’s DefenseBudget: What it Means, and Why it Matters,’’ PacNet 16 (Honolulu, HI: March 9,2011).41. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sNarratives Regarding National Security Policy, written testimony of Mark Stokes,March 10, 2011.42. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military and Security Developments Involvingthe People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington, DC: Department of Defense,2011), p. 41.43. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, Hearing on China’sNarratives Regarding National Security Policy, written testimony of Abraham Denmark,March 10, 2011.44. Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military and Security Developments Involvingthe People’s Republic of China 2011 (Washington, DC: Department of Defense,2011), p. 41.45. Information Office of the State Council, China’s National Defense in 2010(Beijing, China: March 2011).46. J. Michael Cole, ‘‘China hints at capability improvements,’’ Jane’s DefenceWeekly 48:15 (April 13, 2011): 15; and Michael S. Chase, ‘‘China’s 2010 National DefenseWhite Paper: An Assessment,’’ China Brief XI: 7 (April 22, 2011): 10.47. Michael S. Chase, ‘‘China’s 2010 National Defense White Paper: An Assessment,’’China Brief XI: 7 (April 22, 2011): 10.48. Shirley A. Kan, ‘‘China’s Defense White Paper,’’ Memorandum to RepresentativeRandy Forbes (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2011),p. 1.49. CNA China Studies Center, ‘‘PRC [People’s Republic of China] White Paper‘Themes,’ 1998–2010,’’ March 2011.50. Phillip C. Saunders and Ross Rustici, ‘‘Chinese Military Transparency: Evaluatingthe 2010 Defense White Paper,’’ Strategic Forum 269 (July 2011); J. MichaelCole, ‘‘China hints at capability improvements,’’ Jane’s Defence Weekly 48:15 (April13, 2011): 15; Dean Cheng, ‘‘The Limits of Transparency: China Releases 2010 DefenseWhite Paper,’’ The Heritage Foundation Web Memo, 3215 (April 7, 2011); MichaelS. Chase, ‘‘China’s 2010 National Defense White Paper: An Assessment,’’China Brief XI: 7 (April 22, 2011); and Shirley A. Kan, ‘‘China’s Defense WhitePaper,’’ Memorandum to Representative Randy Forbes (Washington, DC: CongressionalResearch Service, April 5, 2011), p. 2.51. Phillip C. Saunders and Ross Rustici, ‘‘Chinese Military Transparency: Evaluatingthe 2010 Defense White Paper,’’ Strategic Forum 269 (July 2011): 1.52. Michael S. Chase, ‘‘China’s 2010 National Defense White Paper: An Assessment,’’China Brief XI: 7 (April 22, 2011): 11.53. Shirley A. Kan, ‘‘China’s Defense White Paper,’’ Memorandum to RepresentativeRandy Forbes (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, April 5, 2011),p. 2.54. Xinhua, ‘‘Chinese navy sends escort fleet to Gulf of Aden,’’ July 3, 2011.http://www.china.org.cn/world/2011-07/03/contentl22911950.htm; and DefenceWeb(South Africa), ‘‘Chinese naval escort returns from pirate patrol,’’ August 30,2011. http://www.defenceweb.co.za/index.php?option=comlcontent&view=article&id=18487:chinese-naval-escort-returns-from-pirate-patrol&catid=51:Sea&Itemid=106.55. U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2009 Annual Reportto Congress (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2009),pp. 118–119.56. Xinhua, ‘‘Chinese navy sends escort fleet to Gulf of Aden,’’ July 3, 2011.http://www.china.org.cn/world/2011-07/03/contentl22911950.htm.57. Open Source Center, ‘‘OSC Interactive Map: Chinese PLA Navy Escort MissionPort Calls,’’ OSC Summary (May 2, 2011). OSC ID: FEA20110503017394.http://www.opensource.gov.58. Lauren Ploch et al., ‘‘Piracy off the Horn of Africa’’ (Washington, DC: CongressionalResearch Service, April 27, 2011), pp. 24–25. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R40528.pdf.59. Greg Torode, ‘‘Hit pirates on land, says top China general,’’ South ChinaMorning Post, May 20, 2011. http://topics.scmp.com/news/china-news-watch/article/Hit-pirates-on-land-says-top-China-general.VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:46 Nov 10, 2011 Jkt 067464 PO 00000 Frm 00237 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6621 G:\GSDD\USCC\2011\067464.XXX 067464
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12011REPORT TO CONGRESSof theU.S.-C
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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CONTENTSPageTRANSMITTAL LETTER TO T
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23Figure 1:China’s Share of the U
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25The weakness in U.S. exports of a
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31Table 3:RMB Bond Issuances by Mul
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35of bilateral negotiations under t
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37Stonewalling the WTO: A Case Stud
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39that China’s existing system of
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41now. Because the structures of th
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43How Big Is China’s State Sector
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45Fortune Global 500, compared to j
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47panies are less profitable, after
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49erate primarily within state-cont
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57Figure 1: Chinese FDI Stock in th
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63U.S. firms with sensitive technol
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65Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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67Addendum I: SASAC Companies, Larg
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69dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with $$
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71January 2010, the heads of 19 U.S
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77cause Beijing had sought to exclu
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81China in Search of Western Techno
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83scious policy seeking to drive Ch
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89Like previous plans, the 12th Fiv
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95Consultative Conference National
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99panies account[ed] for fully 7 pe
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101Dr. Shih has testified before th
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103ment subsidies, which in turn wi
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105Addendum II: Figures 1-2Figure 1
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113drivers cited increased fuel pri
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123uating from college and hoping t
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131unfairly or unjustifiably harm U
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161gress, the DoD noted that China
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165eral U.S. military policies, inc
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167Figure 1:Territorial Disputes in
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171provides guidelines for dealing
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Page 189 and 190: 181ligence, surveillance, and recon
Page 195 and 196: 187Therefore, the PLA maintains the
Page 197 and 198: 189Of import, the PLA’s geographi
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Page 207 and 208: 199trates the depth of China’s sp
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Page 229 and 230: RECOMMENDATIONSChina’s ‘‘Area
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Page 247 and 248: 239320. Chang Xianqi, Military Astr
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281trade, and dispute settlement. 2
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287of Request to the United States
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289fense, since its current fleet o
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3190aRCRD&ss=Hong+Kong&s=News; Pete
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323mation Office. Day-to-day superv
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327Although the slogans change over
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335What Constitutes a ‘‘Core In
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339Selected CAIFC/CPD Track Two Exc
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341disseminated through diplomatic
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375ecutive Schedule under section 5
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APPENDIX IIIPUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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APPENDIX IIIALIST OF WITNESSES TEST
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393Alphabetical Listing of Panelist
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397In TaiwanU.S. Government• Amer
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APPENDIX VLIST OF RESEARCH MATERIAL
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401The National Security Implicatio
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APPENDIX VIACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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