aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

harvest and livestock sales. The study also
included the development of a technological
package which emphasised utilisation of crop
residues and kitchen waste for feeding dairy
cattle. Good management of crops and livestock
coupled with good records were seen as key
elements. This study showed favourable
economic returns (Table 1) (Biwi, 1987).
Table 1. Revenue and expenditure from a twohectareintgratedfarmat
Kizin tanlStation,
Zanzibar.
Revenue Expenditure Profit
Year (TSh) (TSh) (TSh)
1N=8 35,870.55 13,382.50 2=488.05
1983/84 111,780.35 14,006.00 97,774.35
Source: Ow (1987
The high profit margin shown in 1983/84 was
influenced by the extra revenue from the sale of
sugar-cane sticks grown on the farm. In addition,
milk productien was about three times that of
the previous year and prices rose from TSh 4 to
TSh 6 per litre. Sugar-cane tops were used to feed
the dairy cattle. The breakdown of expenditure
and sales are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
On-farm research
On-farm research was conducted to assess the
acceptability of the technological package to
farmers and their adoption ofit. The target group
was farmers owning two to five hectares of land
and practising an integrated crop-livestock
farming system. This study involved 14 smallholder
dairy farmers in Unguja and Pemba
(Biwi, 1990). There was a good response in terms
of adoption of the technological package.
Farmers were advised to feed their dairy
cattle on elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum),
Guatemala grass (Tripsacum laxum),
Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and
banana stems, all grown on the farm, and homemade
concentrate (one part coconut cake and
three parts rice bran with molasses). Milk yields
were monitoied; milk yields and fat-corrected
milk yield for Unguja were 1940 kg/cow per
lactation and 2165 kg/cow per lactation,
respectively. These yield8 were similar to those
found in Pemba. Most of the cattle in Unguja
were Jerseys, while those in Pemba were of
Sahiwal composite. These levels of production
were satisfactory.
Artificial Insemination (A) was used onfarm.
The number of inseminations per
conception was 2 and 3.4 for Unguja and Pemba,
respectively. Calving intervals were 13.1 months
and 14.3 months for Unguja and Pemba, respectively.
The poorer reproductive performance in
Table 2. Revenue and expenditure from a two-hectare crop-livestock integratedfarm at Kizimbani,
Zanzibar,1982/83.
Year
1982W3
Expandlture
Salary
Tractor services
Fertiliser
Seeds
Insecticides
Cattle feed
Veterlna-ry drugs
Payment of loan
Payment interest on loan
Income
Milk
Bananas
Maize
Cassava
Cow peas
Sugar-cane
Vegetables
US$I , TSh 23 In19828.
Unit
Price/unit
(TSh)
Total cost
(TSh)
1702 hrs 3hr 5106.00
7.3 acres 220/acre 1606.00
1479 kg 0.25/kg 369.75
- 135.00
- 100.00
2331.5 kg 0.50/kg 1165.75
-- 500.00
- 2000.00
- 2400.00
Total 13,382.50
2627.45 kg 4/kg 10,509.80
1205.05 kg 1.50/ko 1808.25
11,450 cobs 1/cob 11,450.00
5150 kg 1/kg 5150.00
35 kg 7/kg 245.00
12,575 canes 0.50/cane 6287.50
- 420.00
Total 35,870.55
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