aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Mkonyi J L 1983.A comparativestudy ofmilk production characteristicsofMpwapwacattleandtheircrosses. MSc thesis, University of Dares Salaam, Tanzania. Mpiri D B. 1982. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of some traits of Mpwapwa Breed. Monograph. 310 pp. NARM Task Force. 1991.ThnzaniaNationalAgricultural Research Masterplan Annex II, Part B. Subject.Matter Specialist Papers, Priority Three, Pratt D J and Gwynne M D. 1977. Range management and ecology in EastAfrica. 2d Ed. London, Sydney. Auckland, Tbronto, Hodder and Stoughton. 309 pp. Ruahalaza V G and Kaliba A R M. 1992. Impacts of onfarm research:Experiences from semi-iridCentral Tanzania. Paper presented at the Regional Technical Networkshop on Impacts of On-Farm Research, 23-26 June 1992, Harare, Zimbabwe. 88 Shayo C M 1992. Evaluationof water-melonsasa source of wate, andwater-melon seeds andAcacia pods as a protein supplements for dairy cows in Central 'bnzania. MSc dissertation, Uppsala, Swedan. 137 pp. Smith C.1988 Genetic improvement of livestock using nucleus breeding units. World Animal Review 65:2-10. StobbsTH. 1967 Managementof small EastAfrican Zebu in relation to milk yield, calf growth and mortality. EastAfrican AgriculturalandForestryJournal32: 250. Stokes K W. 1976 . Livestock marketing, existing situation and recommendation for change. In: Proceedings of 3rd Scientific Conference TSAP (Tanzania Society of Animal Production). Mwanza, Tanzania.
Pert-urban small-scale dairy research programme in Botswana Summary W. S. Boitumelo Division of Animal Production and Range Research Department of Agricultural Research P.B. 0033, Gaborone, Botswana The increase In milk production by pert-urban small-scale farmers in Botswana became a major objective of the Ministry of Agriculture during the National Development Plan 6 (NDP6) (1985-91). It was envisaged that increased production in this sector would not only increase local supplies for home consumption but would also lead to surpluses available for sale. To support the need for increased milk supplies and to examine the potential for small farm production the Animal Production Research Unit (APRU) and the Department of Agricultural Research established a project to investigate the problems of milk production by small-scale communal cattle owners around urban areas, Lack of adequate nutrition, especially during the dry-season, svas identified as a major constraint to sustainable milk production in small-scale farm conditions (1983-84). Increased milk production in a small-scale setup requires investigations into potential feeding strategies using locally available feed resources. Considerable quantities of crop residues aie produced and can be harvested for dry season feeding of lactating and in-calf cows. On small farms, the nutritioral quality of crop iesiduebased diets can be improved by either providing a high quality legume fodder (high prot(.in) and/ or combining with other available mtlling byproducts such as sorghum bran (moroko). Therefore, the researchemphasis hasbeen to encourage farmers to harv st and conserve all their crop residues and !.ointegrate fodder crops into the fi,ringsystems and establish a practical feeding programme based on planted fodder and crop residues. Problems which have been isolated are mainly related to feed procurement. Despite these problems, fodder production and conservation of crop residues such as sorghum stover, sorghum chaff/husks and sorghum bran for dry-season feeding, are a major activity of the 46 farmers participating in the dairy production project. The feeding system for in-calf and lactating cmossbred and Tswana cows are based on local home-grown -Feed resources. The dry season feeding strategy using high protein farmer-grown lablab hayin association with crop residues and by-producL. has been a significant intervention In small scale dairy farms. 89 Despite animal health problems, Snmental crossbred cows are promising as a dairy breed for small-scale faints. The management system is less Intensive than for pjre-bred dairy cows and retains flexibility in terms of Increased milk yleld and sale of animals for beef. Introduction Botswana is situated in the centre of the southern Africa platepu. It is a land-locked country of 570,000 kin with a mean altitude of about 1000 metres above sea level. It has a semiarid, continental climate with an average rainfall of 450 mm which is both erratic and unevenly distributed. The rains occur duringthe summer season as rain stormt. The weather rang-s from tropical in the north to semitemperate in the s3uth, where winters are dry and temperatures vary from day to day with frequent frost. The maximum temperature for the t hottest m~iu month temperature (December) for is the about coldest 35"C month and (July) is 3C; occasionaly timperatures can fall below 0C. Moe than half of the country is covered with shrub and tree savannah which deteriorates into a low shrub savannah in the Kgalagadi Desert. The national rangeland is mainly suitable for extensive grazing of ruminant livestock and wildlife. The main resource of Botswana apart from its people, has been its cattle of wh. ch there were three million in 1982 (Ministry af Agriculture, 1986). The cattle population is raw estimated at 2.6 million (Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, 1991). About 84% of the national here is kept on communal land, whilst 16% is kept on commercial ranches. The cattle idt is amjo conriut toces bee industry is a major contributr to exports; beef export earnings more than cover the cost of basic cereal imports. Although the contribution of the agricultural sector has been declining since Independence, the sector still remains an important source of food, income, employment and cap.tal for the majority of the population. The common breed used for both milk and meat production in Botswana is the indigenous
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FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
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ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
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Disease control approaches Economic
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Preface John Walsh Director General
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and communal farmers develop the in
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The impact of the introduction of e
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Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
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contribute much more than exotic ca
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Intensive animal feeding practices
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Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
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Table 3. Nutritional composition an
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Table 6. Nutritional composition an
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Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
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Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
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Figure 2. The analyical framework.
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Figure 3. Group composition and lin
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Dairy/beef production systems resea
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Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
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Table 5. The performance of Holstei
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Research on smallholder dairy produ
Page 41 and 42: are a small number of productive an
Page 43 and 44: establishing a time frame sufficien
Page 45 and 46: secondary data analyses. In each ar
Page 47 and 48: facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50: References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
Page 51 and 52: Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
Page 53 and 54: country relies on the development o
Page 55 and 56: To estimate the productivity of int
Page 57 and 58: S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
Page 59 and 60: Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
Page 61 and 62: igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
Page 63 and 64: References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
Page 65 and 66: * train a number of Kenyans for hig
Page 67 and 68: Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
Page 71 and 72: Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
Page 73 and 74: Contribution of cros;sbred goats to
Page 75 and 76: The project staff are closely invol
Page 77 and 78: Dairy goat research and extension a
Page 79 and 80: Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
Page 81 and 82: Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
Page 83 and 84: Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA f
Page 85 and 86: Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
Page 87 and 88: the establishment of good managemen
Page 89 and 90: Technologies introduced in the farm
Page 91: circumvent this problem the "Open N
Page 95 and 96: Research methodology Project implem
Page 97 and 98: government centre between 1935 and
Page 99 and 100: emphasis to improvements in the mil
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
Page 103 and 104: Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
Page 105 and 106: government institutions as research
Page 107 and 108: Disease control approaches
Page 109 and 110: ditions occur mostly in calves and
Page 111 and 112: ments to maintain dipping infrastru
Page 113 and 114: Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
Page 115 and 116: experiences so far gained and futur
Page 117 and 118: acceptance s very high and the work
Page 119 and 120: Sustainable control methods for tic
Page 121 and 122: Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
Page 123 and 124: Summary New vaccine strategies agai
Page 125 and 126: Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
Page 129 and 130: Objectives ofte research programme
Page 131 and 132: aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
Page 133 and 134: ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
Page 135 and 136: Summary Smallholder dairy productio
Page 137 and 138: Factors affecting the development a
Page 139 and 140: Most roads in the rural areas where
Page 141 and 142: well-focused dairy development prog
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Secure better bargaining position w
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purchase fuel and lubricants in the
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part of the country. The cattle pop
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" to increase farm-family income of
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Recent developments in the dairy in
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Dairy development programme in Tang
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Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
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Table 5. Napier production on-farm
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facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
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Smallholder dairy development progr
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various types of cattle under rural
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38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
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labour to meet the requirements of
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Development of smallholder dairying
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Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
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Marketing options for livestock pro
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argaed that the only way to improve
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Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
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Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dai
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Group ranch concept and practice ir
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the land, reducing the capacity of
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Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
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upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
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the project in 1982. Infrastructura
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If all the ranches were subdivided
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This can be achieved through an ext
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Introduction of dairy cattle produc
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" a permanent water source should b
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Development of feeding strategies a
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Supplementation improved milk yield
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Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
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Summary Wool and mohair production
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contributed to low fecundity was th
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established with the following obje
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qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
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Synthesis of constraints to livesto
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i'nd appropriateness of the technol
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" Realising the magnitude of the pr
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DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
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