aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Mbogoh and Tilahun (1992) found that the consumers' choice of the retail outlets from which to procure their products was primarily influenced by three factors: regularity and stability of supply; convenience when collecting or at delivery; and cleanliness and hygiene with regard to the premises at which the sales were made. Meat marketing options A review of available literature on the marketing of meat in general and beef in particular shows that red meat rather than processed (or canned) meat is the most marketed type of meat product. Both formal and informal channels for beef and meat markLting exist in a nu<strong>mb</strong>er of countries in eastern and southern Africa. Experiences in Kenya indicate that the formal channeloften faces stiffcompetition from private butchers and thus experiences major difficulties in meat marketing (Chemonics International, 1977). The major cause of operational problems for the formal meat marketing channels is the fact that they often have to follow gazetted (official) prices, so that their marketing margins tend to be rigid and often low. This, of course, may be the case for most commodities that are traded through formal channels, but the problem appears to be more acute in the case of meat marketing. Butchers appear to compete heavily on the basis of product differentiation. Depending on the income classes that they wish to sell their meat to, the butcher-3 can come up with appropriately defined azid priced moat cuta and each butcher may cha-rge as much as his particular market can absorb (Karugia, 1991). References Ariza-Nino EJ, Herman L, Makinen M and Steedman C. 1980. Livestock and meat marketingin West Africa: Volume 1:Synthesis. UpperVolta. CRED, University of Michigan, U.S.A. Bekure, Evangelou P and Chabari F. 1982. Livestock Marketing in eastern Kajiado, Kenya. Working Document 23, ILCA/Kenya, Nairobi Kenya. Borden N I. 1973. The concept of the marketing mix. In: Enis B M and Cox K K (eds), Marketing classicis:a selection of influential articles. 2nd Edition. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, U.S.A. Chemonics International. 1977. Livestock and meat industry development study in kenya: FinalReport. Consultancy Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Nairobi, Kenya. Debrah S and Anteneh B. 1991. Dairy marketing in Ethiopia: markets of first sale and producers' marketingpatterns.ILCAResearchReportl9,ILCA (International Uvestock Centre for Africa) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Dugdill B T. 1991. Review ofdairydevelopment initiatives in Africa. Paper Presented a a Commonwealth Secretariat Workshop on Dairy Development Policy in Commonwealth Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, 29 July-2 August 1991. Herman L. 1979. The livestock and meat marketing system in Upper Volta: Summary evaluation of econcnic efficiency. In: Shapiro K H (ed), The 182 The scope of adopting different marketing strategies appears to be greater for meat than for milk and milk products. Meat can be stored and marketed over longer time periods than fresh milk, especially if kept under refrigerated conditions. The location of butcheries and their cleanliness relative to residential areas will certainly influence the type of customers who buy from the particular butcheries. The butcher's prestige and the types of services offered to the customers will be important variables in meat retailing (Tewoldeberhan, 1976; Karugia, 1991). All these factors will give rise to a permutation of possible strategies and options for meat marketing. In this discussion, meat wholesaling is deliberately left out, since it is assumed that wholesalers will generally supply their meat to the retail butchers, the focal point in this discussion. However, some of the butchers who retail meat do sometimes undertake a wholesaling function (Karugia, 1991). Promotion in meat marketing can be undertaken in many and varied forms: * meat shop (butchery) brand name • company and/or private seller's prestige * customer prestige, where emphasis is on meat cuts for different classes of consumers (based on their incomes). The possibility of processing and packaging meat greatly facilitates the ability to promote meat marketing. The ability to promote meat marketing almost certainly depends on the ability to charge or set different prices, according to the market being aimed at. summary report from the livestock production and marketing in the entete states of est africaproject. CRED, University of Michigan, U.S.A. Hillman M and Ayele Gebre Mariam. 1975. A report on the central highlands (ethiopia) livestock market survey. Livestock and Meat Board, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Karugia J T. 1991. Competition and efficiency in beef retailingin a metropolitan area:The case of the city of Nairobi. MSc thesia, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Kotler P. 1988. Marketing management: Analysis, planning,implementation andcontrol. 6th Ed4;t. Prentice-Hall Inc., Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA. Mbogoh S G. 1991. Marketing policy issues in dairy development in sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to the situation in Moza<strong>mb</strong>ique and commonwealth Africa. Paper presented at a Commonwealth Secretariat Workshop on Dairy Development Policy in Commonwealth Africa, held at Aruaha, Tanzania, 19 July-2 August 1991. Mbogoh S G. 1992. Analysis of some socio-economic aspects of dairy development in Kenya. Paper presented at a KARIISNAR Workshop on Planning and Research Priority Setting for Dairy Cattle Research in Kenya, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, (KARl), Nairobi, Kenya.
Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dairy marketing in Ethiopia:The cae ofhou~eholda'purchasespatterns and relative efficiency of alternative marketing systems inAddisAbaba. ILCA livestock Economics Division Staff Working Paper/Forthcoming ILCA Research Report, ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Aidis Ababa, Ethiopia. Staatz J. 1979. The economics of cattle and meat marketing in Ivory Coast. Monograph No. 2. In: The 183 Livestock productionand marketingin entete states of west africa project. CRED, University of Michigan, U.S.A. Stanton W J. 1981. Fundamentalsof marketing. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, U.S.A. Tewoldeberhan B. 1976. The meat retailing system in Nairobi.MSc thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
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FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
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ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
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Disease control approaches Economic
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Preface John Walsh Director General
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and communal farmers develop the in
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The impact of the introduction of e
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Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
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contribute much more than exotic ca
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Intensive animal feeding practices
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Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
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Table 3. Nutritional composition an
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Table 6. Nutritional composition an
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Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
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Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
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Figure 2. The analyical framework.
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Figure 3. Group composition and lin
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Dairy/beef production systems resea
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Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
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Table 5. The performance of Holstei
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Research on smallholder dairy produ
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are a small number of productive an
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establishing a time frame sufficien
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secondary data analyses. In each ar
Page 47 and 48:
facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50:
References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
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Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
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country relies on the development o
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To estimate the productivity of int
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S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
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Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
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igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
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References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
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* train a number of Kenyans for hig
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Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
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Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
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Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
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Contribution of cros;sbred goats to
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The project staff are closely invol
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Dairy goat research and extension a
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Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
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Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
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Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA f
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Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
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the establishment of good managemen
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Technologies introduced in the farm
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circumvent this problem the "Open N
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Pert-urban small-scale dairy resear
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Research methodology Project implem
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government centre between 1935 and
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emphasis to improvements in the mil
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Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
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Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
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government institutions as research
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Disease control approaches
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ditions occur mostly in calves and
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ments to maintain dipping infrastru
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Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
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experiences so far gained and futur
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acceptance s very high and the work
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Sustainable control methods for tic
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Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
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Summary New vaccine strategies agai
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Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
Page 129 and 130: Objectives ofte research programme
Page 131 and 132: aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
Page 133 and 134: ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
Page 135 and 136: Summary Smallholder dairy productio
Page 137 and 138: Factors affecting the development a
Page 139 and 140: Most roads in the rural areas where
Page 141 and 142: well-focused dairy development prog
Page 143 and 144: Secure better bargaining position w
Page 145 and 146: purchase fuel and lubricants in the
Page 147 and 148: part of the country. The cattle pop
Page 149 and 150: " to increase farm-family income of
Page 151 and 152: Recent developments in the dairy in
Page 153 and 154: Dairy development programme in Tang
Page 155 and 156: Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
Page 157 and 158: Table 5. Napier production on-farm
Page 159 and 160: facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
Page 161 and 162: Smallholder dairy development progr
Page 163 and 164: various types of cattle under rural
Page 165 and 166: 38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
Page 167 and 168: labour to meet the requirements of
Page 169 and 170: Development of smallholder dairying
Page 171 and 172: Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
Page 173 and 174: Marketing options for livestock pro
Page 175 and 176: argaed that the only way to improve
Page 177: Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
Page 181 and 182: Group ranch concept and practice ir
Page 183 and 184: the land, reducing the capacity of
Page 185 and 186: Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
Page 187 and 188: upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
Page 189 and 190: the project in 1982. Infrastructura
Page 191 and 192: If all the ranches were subdivided
Page 193 and 194: This can be achieved through an ext
Page 195 and 196: Introduction of dairy cattle produc
Page 197 and 198: " a permanent water source should b
Page 199 and 200: Development of feeding strategies a
Page 201 and 202: Supplementation improved milk yield
Page 203 and 204: Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
Page 205 and 206: Summary Wool and mohair production
Page 207 and 208: contributed to low fecundity was th
Page 209 and 210: established with the following obje
Page 211 and 212: qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
Page 213 and 214: Synthesis of constraints to livesto
Page 215 and 216: i'nd appropriateness of the technol
Page 217 and 218: " Realising the magnitude of the pr
Page 219 and 220: DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
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