aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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appreciating the role of socio-economists as vital team members in a multidisciplinary research effort. Socio-economists (either economists or sociologists) are now being posted as members of research teams at all national research stations, Institutionalisation of SR-CRSP research in Kenya Over the last 12 years, SR-CRSP has developed improved technologies aod presented its results at the annual SR-CRSP Kenya Scientific work. shops. These workshops have attracted scientists not only from the ministries of livestock and agriculture in Kenya but also from the neighbouring countries Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Sudan. Participants of these annual workshops are affiliated to universities, References Boor K 1 9 83. Goatmilkproductsforru,alwesternKenya. MSc thesis. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics). 1990. Statistical abstract, 1990. Republic of Kenya, Government P"rinting Press, Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 94-95. CBS (Central Bnreau of Statistics). 1991. Economic survey, 1991. Republic of Kenya. Government Printing Press, Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 106. Janke H E. 1982. Livestockproductionsystems in tropical Africa. Kiel, Germany: Kieler Wissenschafts verlag Vauk. Nyaribo F B, Mathuva M, Onim J F M, Otieno F alnd Knipscher H C. 1991. Economicsignificanceof crop residues and Sesbania in support of dual purpose goat production. Proceedings of Kenya SR.CRSP Sci4 ntific Workshop KETRI -Muguga, Kenya, 27- 28 lYnbruary, 1991. pp. 26-34. Nyaribo F B. 1992. Impacts of capital and land constraints on the economics of new livestock technology in western Kenya. Agricultural Economics6:353-364. Onim J F M, Muthuva M Otieno K and Fitzhugh H A. 1985a. Potentialoffood-feed cropsin westernKenya. Proceedings of the Kenya SR-CRSP Scientific -irkshop,Golf Hotel, Kakamega, 11-12 March, 1985. pp. 18-24. 67 research institutions and ministries of livestock and agriculture. The activities of SR-CRSP therefore became institutionalised in universities, research institutions and gDvernment ministries. When the USAID donor funding ceases then the programme will be .qken over by collaborating scientists who are KARI employees. Future research for the DPG programme It is envisaged that KARI will continue the SR-CRSP research both on-station and on-farm in the same mode as present. However, the DPG research will be only a small component of the larger National Small Ruminant Research effort. Modifications may therefore be necessary to tailor the DPG programme to slot into the financial and logistical configurations of KARL Onira J F M. Mathuva M. Otieno K and Fitzhugh H A. 1985b. Simplified hay making for small scale farmers in western Kenya. Proceedings of Kenya SR-CRSP Scientific Workshop, Golf Hotel, Kakanega, 11-12 March, 1985. pp. 25-28. Onim J F M. Ochola P Fitzhugh H A, Oduor J and Otieno K. 1990. Potential of goat manure as a valuable fertilizer for small scale farmers. Proceedings of Kenya SR.CRSP Scientific Workshop, ILRAD, Nairobi, Kenya, 7-8 March, 1990. pp. 157-170. Semenye P P. Karimi S K Sidahmed A E. Fitzhugh H A and Onim J F M. 1985. Feed consumption and selectionby dualpurposegoatsandlocal goatsfrom Masumbi cluster in Siaya district, western Kenya. Proceedings of the Kenya SR.CRSP Scientific Workshop, Goli Hotel, Kakamega, 11-12 March, 1985. pp. 45-48. Semenye P P. Musalia L M and Fitzhugh H A. 1986. Dual purpose goat nutritionand management on-station andon.farminwestern Kenya. ProceedingsofKenya SR-CRSPScientific Workshop, Kabete, Nairobi, 4-6 November, 1986. pp. 67-75. Semenye P P Musalia L M, Onim J F M and Fitzhugh H A. 1987. Interaction of Paal Turpose Goats with subsistence crops and weeds. Pru,.eedingsof Kenya SR.CRSPScientificworkshop, Kabeto, Nairobi, 4-6 Novemler 1986. pp. 65-71.
Contribution of cros;sbred goats to milk production and social welfare in Burundi Summary The on-going research programme is aimed at evaluating the performance of an introduced goat production package consisting of crossbred goats (Alpine x Small East African), fodder production, management and milk marketing in the Ngozi area. Over3500 farmers adopted the technology in the 10-year period from 1980 to 1991. Data are being collected from a sample of these and non-participating farmers. Data will be analysed to optimise the level of crossbreeding, management and input/output for economic benefits, and the overall farm performance. Introduction The Burundi highland plateau lies to the east of the Zaire-Nile line, at an average altitude of 1800 m above sea level. The highland is part of the Great Lakes Highlands which comprise Burundi and Rwanda, the Kivu region of Zaire, the Kigezi region of Uganda and the Buta region of Tanzania. A major characteristic of this area is the variable but generally high population density (an average of 150 people/km 2 , with up to 400 people/l:m 2 in some districts), resulting in very small farms. The increasing population density has forced the expansion of arable cropping into lower (Imbo plane of Burundi) and higher altitudes (only suitable for tea and pyrethrum). Within the agricultural systems, notable modifications include shorter fallow periods, cropping on steep land and in the swamps in dry seasons. The trend is towards more intensive agricultural production systems. This evolution has progressively pushed cattle out of the farming system as a result of the shrinking of grazing areas. In Burur :4, the number of cattle decreased at a rate of 6 8% per annum between 1975 and 1987, faling to 479,000 in 1987. Over the same period the number of goats increased by 2.2% annually to 723,000 in 1987, while the number o; sheep increased by 1.2% annually to 329,000 in 1987 (ILCA, 1991). Despite the prestige attached to cattle ownership, cattle have been replaced by small species (goats, rodents and poultry). Jones B. Rey International Livestock Centre for Africa P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 69 and Egli (1984) noted that there was .io apparent need to intervene in the replacemeat of cattle with goats, but suggested the need to improve production systems through improved animal health, breeding, feeding and marketing. Development projects There is a general trend towards the promotion of crossbred goats, and particularly dairy crossbreds, in the East African highlands, where the population density and pressure on land are increasing. Development agencies have taken a variety of approaches, giving priority to either research (Kenya) or development (Burundi). A particular emphasis has been placed on "dualpurpose" (meat and milk) goats obtained through crossbreeding with exotic breeds (Table 1). Goat research activities in Burundi A national network on small ruminants was created in 1987, to link research and development projects in Burundi. The coordination of this network was under the auspices of the national university (Facagro), which has a national mandate t~oconduct research on small ruminants. ISABU (Institut des sciences agronomiques du Burundi) is responsible for cattle research projects. At the university station in Maramvya, several research projects are in progress, including the characterisation of the Small East African goat population in Burundi and experiments to determine the optimum use of Leucaena, Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum and rice straw in goat diets. Monitoring ofthe health status ofgoats on farms around Maramvya has started recently. A package of improved does (on loan), improved feed resources and disease control was proposed in 1986 and tested on 21 farms in Mutaho. The goat development project in Ngozi This development project started in 1980 with funding from the German agency for technical cooperation (GTZ). The project target group was 14 "communes" in an area ef 2000 km . Some ,500 farmers vere registered and took their does
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FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
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ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
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Disease control approaches Economic
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Preface John Walsh Director General
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and communal farmers develop the in
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The impact of the introduction of e
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Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
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contribute much more than exotic ca
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Intensive animal feeding practices
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Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
Page 21 and 22: Table 3. Nutritional composition an
Page 23 and 24: Table 6. Nutritional composition an
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
Page 27 and 28: Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2. The analyical framework.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3. Group composition and lin
Page 33 and 34: Dairy/beef production systems resea
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. The performance of Holstei
Page 39 and 40: Research on smallholder dairy produ
Page 41 and 42: are a small number of productive an
Page 43 and 44: establishing a time frame sufficien
Page 45 and 46: secondary data analyses. In each ar
Page 47 and 48: facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50: References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
Page 51 and 52: Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
Page 53 and 54: country relies on the development o
Page 55 and 56: To estimate the productivity of int
Page 57 and 58: S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
Page 59 and 60: Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
Page 61 and 62: igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
Page 63 and 64: References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
Page 65 and 66: * train a number of Kenyans for hig
Page 67 and 68: Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
Page 71: Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
Page 75 and 76: The project staff are closely invol
Page 77 and 78: Dairy goat research and extension a
Page 79 and 80: Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
Page 81 and 82: Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
Page 83 and 84: Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA f
Page 85 and 86: Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
Page 87 and 88: the establishment of good managemen
Page 89 and 90: Technologies introduced in the farm
Page 91 and 92: circumvent this problem the "Open N
Page 93 and 94: Pert-urban small-scale dairy resear
Page 95 and 96: Research methodology Project implem
Page 97 and 98: government centre between 1935 and
Page 99 and 100: emphasis to improvements in the mil
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
Page 103 and 104: Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
Page 105 and 106: government institutions as research
Page 107 and 108: Disease control approaches
Page 109 and 110: ditions occur mostly in calves and
Page 111 and 112: ments to maintain dipping infrastru
Page 113 and 114: Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
Page 115 and 116: experiences so far gained and futur
Page 117 and 118: acceptance s very high and the work
Page 119 and 120: Sustainable control methods for tic
Page 121 and 122: Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
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Summary New vaccine strategies agai
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Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
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Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
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Objectives ofte research programme
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aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
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ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
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Summary Smallholder dairy productio
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Factors affecting the development a
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Most roads in the rural areas where
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well-focused dairy development prog
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Secure better bargaining position w
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purchase fuel and lubricants in the
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part of the country. The cattle pop
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" to increase farm-family income of
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Recent developments in the dairy in
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Dairy development programme in Tang
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Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
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Table 5. Napier production on-farm
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facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
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Smallholder dairy development progr
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various types of cattle under rural
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38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
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labour to meet the requirements of
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Development of smallholder dairying
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Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
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Marketing options for livestock pro
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argaed that the only way to improve
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Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
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Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dai
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Group ranch concept and practice ir
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the land, reducing the capacity of
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Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
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upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
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the project in 1982. Infrastructura
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If all the ranches were subdivided
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This can be achieved through an ext
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Introduction of dairy cattle produc
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" a permanent water source should b
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Development of feeding strategies a
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Supplementation improved milk yield
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Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
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Summary Wool and mohair production
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contributed to low fecundity was th
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established with the following obje
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qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
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Synthesis of constraints to livesto
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i'nd appropriateness of the technol
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" Realising the magnitude of the pr
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DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
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