aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 4. Rock development atSUA expeimental farm (female only). Pure Norwegian Ten Norwegian crosses Adults Kids Total Adults Kids *Tital 1983 0 161 16 0 0 0 1984 16 411 57 0 0 0 1985 43 22 65 3 29 32 1986 39 4 43 27 9 36 1987 17 1 18 33 39 75 1988 13 0 134 612 282 89 1989 0 0 0 773 263 103 1992 - - - 825 38 120 1. In 1983 and 1984, 16 and 41 female goat kids were imported from Norway. 2. Excludes 10 pregnant does transferred to Mgeta in 1988. 3. Excludes 10 pregnant does transferred to Mgeta in 1990. 4. Three more females died and remaining transferred tu Mgeta. 5. Excludes about 25 females culled. Table 5. Development of the female flock In Mgeta from the oiginal20half-breeds and 10 pure Norwegiangoats. Breed 1989 1990 June 19921.2.3 Pure Norwegian Adult 7 5 0 Kids 3 2 Total 10 7 87.5%and9.5 Norwegian 2 2 Adult 0 0 Aidul 0 0 Kids 0 2 Total 0 2 18 75.0% Norwegian Adult 0 6 KIds 7 16 Total 7 22 25 50% Norwegian Adult 10 22 Kids 2 5 Overall 12 27 15 Total 129 5 60 1. Plus 21 male bucks to be sold In 1992. 2. Since the project started, 54 males (75% Norwegian and above) and 13 females have boon sold for breeding. 3. 25 people have used the project bucks to upgrade their local goats. Mgeta (on-farm) The goat research and develonment at Mgeta has been more successful and this can be attributed to the positive affects of climate on the heait , of the animals, forage quality and feed intake. Excellent management by the farmers was also a contributing factor. This management (Table 3) has been developed gradually through continuous close contact and dialogue between the farmers, the SUA staff and the extension workers. The training itinerary included intro- 78 ductory courses on goat husbandry and health (five days) after farmer selection. Farmers training encompassed various topics including goat management, feeding and pasture, breeding, economics, milk by-products and record keeping (three days for each topic). Other aspects of the training were on advanced animal health (14 days twice a year At SUA). Hand-outs on most areas of dairy goat keeping in the Kiswahili language were also given and monthly visits were organised to facilitate exchange of views and advice. The effectiveness of researcher/farmer linkages was due to the small number of farmers involved. The interest shown by the farmers themselves and the fact that the area had no dairy cattle was of special significance to the project. Experiences elsewhere in Tanzania have shown that people will tend not to milk goats if they have cows. When the responsibility of the project was handed over to the farmers, the cnstruction and maintenance ofthe goat houses, purchases ofthe animals (US$ 20-30) and their feeding became tht ir responsibility. The role of SUA researchers subpequently remained more in the area of organisation, training and advice, with the details of implementation being left to the farmers, individual decision and ideas. In 1990, the dairy goat farmers at Mgeta organised a dairy goat keepers society, where acaricides, disinfectants, antihelminthics, feeds and lime and salt are procured and sold by the society to goat keepers inside and outside the project. Since the project asumed full responsibility of the breeding programmes the bucks at the three centres belong to the project. Overall distribution of dairy goats to farmers outside the dsrbto fdiygast amr usd h project in Mgeta has been slow, mainly due to three fundamental reasons: although breeding bucks had been stationed in three different villages for communal use in the up-grading of local goats, farmers felt that this phase was too long a process. Secondly, some farmers waited to receive goats from SUA erroneously believing
Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA farm and at Mgeta.' SUA farm Norwegian Crosses Kidding interval (days) 370±130 323±122 Lactation period (days) Lactallot. *yald(kg) 2 Yield per day (kg) 2 174±89 194±132 1.1±0.4 168±99 128±110 0.8,0. 1.See Klango (1988), Madsen ot a/(1990) and Nkungu (1991) for details. 2. Excludes milk suckled by Idds Inthe 2-3 months of suckling. Table 7. Summary of kidperformanceat SUA farm and at Mgeta. Birth wt (kg) SUA farm Norwegian 2.0±0.6 Tanz x Norwegian Mgeta 2.1±0.5 100% N 2.5j.J.3 87.5% N 2.. O.5 75% Norwegian 2.'±1.4 50% Norweglrn 2.6±0.5 Overall 2.7±L0.4 Mgeta Local Norwegian 291±107 374±99 114±64 299±36 69±52 333±84 0.6±0.2 1.1,-0.21 Pre-weaning growth rate Mortality 1 (alday) % 45±20 33(6) 60±17 17 (7) 116±37 - 95±30 - 118±28 - 126±8 - 114t18 8(7) 1.Figures inbiackets show adult mortality rates. See Klango (1988), Madsen of al(1990) and Nkungu (1991) for details. that the only way to start was through assistance from SUA. Finally, project participants did not appreciate that by using the improved bucks they could eventually produce almost equally good dairy goats. However, public meetings will be held to help clarify this situation. Importance of the research programme One of the greatest contributions of the research programme has been the dissemination of the knowledge among Tanzanians on the role and importance of dairy goats. This has been reflected in the numerous enquiries about the programme: " requests for purchase of bucks and does (currently demand is very high and has exceeded supply) * fast disposal of goats earmarked for culling * other institutions have embarked on similar projects, e.g. the Anglican Chur;h in Morogoro and the Uyole Agricultural C-ntre in Mbeya Region " groups offarmers have urged the department to replicate the project in other areas, e.g. Iringa Region and Kilombero District of Morogoro Region 79 . regular visits by government officials and their guests * the project has been used for training purposes. A large number of special projects for firset degree studies (17), Master of Science (4) and Doctor of Philosophy (2) have been undertaken. Although no empirical figures are presented in this paper, farmers have had increased earnings from the sale ofmilk and live goats and the nutritional status of infants in families has been improved. This aspect will be a future project activity. Future research programmes The future of the research programme largely depends upon financial support. Funds allocated to the project have been small (US$ 8000). Hov, ever, from experiences obtained so far it is envisaged that priority will be focused on-station and on-farm. The main future objectives at SUA (onstation): * to increase the level of Norwegian blood in the goats from the current 50% to 75% to maximise their potential for milk production * to assess ways of reducing kid mortality
Page 1 and 2:
FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
Page 3 and 4:
ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
Page 5 and 6:
Disease control approaches Economic
Page 7 and 8:
Preface John Walsh Director General
Page 9 and 10:
and communal farmers develop the in
Page 11 and 12:
The impact of the introduction of e
Page 13 and 14:
Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
Page 15 and 16:
contribute much more than exotic ca
Page 17 and 18:
Intensive animal feeding practices
Page 19 and 20:
Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
Page 21 and 22:
Table 3. Nutritional composition an
Page 23 and 24:
Table 6. Nutritional composition an
Page 25 and 26:
Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
Page 27 and 28:
Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 2. The analyical framework.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3. Group composition and lin
Page 33 and 34: Dairy/beef production systems resea
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. The performance of Holstei
Page 39 and 40: Research on smallholder dairy produ
Page 41 and 42: are a small number of productive an
Page 43 and 44: establishing a time frame sufficien
Page 45 and 46: secondary data analyses. In each ar
Page 47 and 48: facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50: References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
Page 51 and 52: Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
Page 53 and 54: country relies on the development o
Page 55 and 56: To estimate the productivity of int
Page 57 and 58: S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
Page 59 and 60: Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
Page 61 and 62: igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
Page 63 and 64: References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
Page 65 and 66: * train a number of Kenyans for hig
Page 67 and 68: Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
Page 71 and 72: Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
Page 73 and 74: Contribution of cros;sbred goats to
Page 75 and 76: The project staff are closely invol
Page 77 and 78: Dairy goat research and extension a
Page 79 and 80: Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
Page 81: Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
Page 85 and 86: Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
Page 87 and 88: the establishment of good managemen
Page 89 and 90: Technologies introduced in the farm
Page 91 and 92: circumvent this problem the "Open N
Page 93 and 94: Pert-urban small-scale dairy resear
Page 95 and 96: Research methodology Project implem
Page 97 and 98: government centre between 1935 and
Page 99 and 100: emphasis to improvements in the mil
Page 101 and 102: Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
Page 103 and 104: Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
Page 105 and 106: government institutions as research
Page 107 and 108: Disease control approaches
Page 109 and 110: ditions occur mostly in calves and
Page 111 and 112: ments to maintain dipping infrastru
Page 113 and 114: Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
Page 115 and 116: experiences so far gained and futur
Page 117 and 118: acceptance s very high and the work
Page 119 and 120: Sustainable control methods for tic
Page 121 and 122: Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
Page 123 and 124: Summary New vaccine strategies agai
Page 125 and 126: Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
Page 127 and 128: Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
Page 129 and 130: Objectives ofte research programme
Page 131 and 132: aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
Page 133 and 134:
ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
Page 135 and 136:
Summary Smallholder dairy productio
Page 137 and 138:
Factors affecting the development a
Page 139 and 140:
Most roads in the rural areas where
Page 141 and 142:
well-focused dairy development prog
Page 143 and 144:
Secure better bargaining position w
Page 145 and 146:
purchase fuel and lubricants in the
Page 147 and 148:
part of the country. The cattle pop
Page 149 and 150:
" to increase farm-family income of
Page 151 and 152:
Recent developments in the dairy in
Page 153 and 154:
Dairy development programme in Tang
Page 155 and 156:
Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
Page 157 and 158:
Table 5. Napier production on-farm
Page 159 and 160:
facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
Page 161 and 162:
Smallholder dairy development progr
Page 163 and 164:
various types of cattle under rural
Page 165 and 166:
38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
Page 167 and 168:
labour to meet the requirements of
Page 169 and 170:
Development of smallholder dairying
Page 171 and 172:
Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
Page 173 and 174:
Marketing options for livestock pro
Page 175 and 176:
argaed that the only way to improve
Page 177 and 178:
Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
Page 179 and 180:
Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dai
Page 181 and 182:
Group ranch concept and practice ir
Page 183 and 184:
the land, reducing the capacity of
Page 185 and 186:
Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
Page 187 and 188:
upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
Page 189 and 190:
the project in 1982. Infrastructura
Page 191 and 192:
If all the ranches were subdivided
Page 193 and 194:
This can be achieved through an ext
Page 195 and 196:
Introduction of dairy cattle produc
Page 197 and 198:
" a permanent water source should b
Page 199 and 200:
Development of feeding strategies a
Page 201 and 202:
Supplementation improved milk yield
Page 203 and 204:
Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
Page 205 and 206:
Summary Wool and mohair production
Page 207 and 208:
contributed to low fecundity was th
Page 209 and 210:
established with the following obje
Page 211 and 212:
qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
Page 213 and 214:
Synthesis of constraints to livesto
Page 215 and 216:
i'nd appropriateness of the technol
Page 217 and 218:
" Realising the magnitude of the pr
Page 219 and 220:
DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
show all

aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?