aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Opening address Dr S.S. Mlambo Deputy Secretary for Lands, Agriculture and Water Development, Zimbabwe Mr Chairman, Dr J Walsh, Director General, ILCA, Dr M L Kyomo, Director, SACCAR, Leaders ofNARS, Leaders of Livestock Development, and Distinguished Participants. It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all to the workshop on the 'Future of Livestock Industries in Eastern and southern Africa', which has been organised by the International Livestock Centre for Africa. I would like to particularly recognise the presence of eminent scientists from Botswana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Switzerland, Tanzania, Zarr-uia and Zimbabwe. I notice that many of these scientists will be reporting on their research findings on various aspects of livestock. I would like to welcome you all and express my hope that your research findings and recommendations will be studied, examined and put to use. You will identify emerging problems that require further investigation for the furtherance ofthe livestock development in the region. Mr Chairman, agriculture is one of the most strategic industries and it forms the mainstay of the economy in Zimbabwe and other Third World countries. My Government's agricultural policy is therefoe designed to stimulate and sustain production to meet the needs of the country. The policy has six major objectives, as outlined in the National Development Plan. The first objective is to produce sufficient food to sustain food security, not just at the national level but also for the individual household, Zimbabwe's population growth rate is estimated at 3% per annum. To be able to meet the nutritional requirements of this fast-growing population, our agricultural output should increase by more than 3% per annum The second objective is to increase employment opportunities in agriculture and related agro-based industries. This is achieved through employment in direct agricultural production and provision of inputs and marketing facilities for the sector. It is estimated that over 30% of the national labour force and over 75%of rural farmers are gainfully employed in industries related to agriculture, The third objective is to generate foreign currency earnings that can be used to pay for essential imports. The Government encourages the diversification of the agricultural base with a view to increasing exports. Ix The fourth objective is to produce and supply the raw materials required by agricultural processing industries. For example, cotton provides lint for the textile industry, cottonseed cake for the livestock feeds industry and oil for human consumption. Hides are a by-product of livestock required by the tannery industry for the production of shoes, bags etc. The fifth objective is to increase the incomes and living standards of farmers and their families, particularly in the small-farm sector. This is achieved through producer prices for certain cash crops that provide farmers with an incentive to grow and market the crops. The sixth and final objective is to generate substantial growth in the total output from the agricultural sector, as this will result in increased benefits to the economy. The Government's agricultural policy thus aims at increasing the economic and social well-being of the small-farm sector. The major aim of Government efforts is to transfbrm this sector from subsistence to commercial production. This goal has been tackled through placing greater emphasis on meeting the needs of this sector. This has included restructuring credit and marketing facilities, providing research and extension services, land reforms and various other measures designed to motivate farmers and help sustain the vital agricultural industry The Government recognised that, to stimulate agricultural production and improve the welfare of the people, there is need to restructure research services and link them with extension services. Prior to 1980 the research and extension services were exclusively directed towards solving the needs of the large-scale commercial farmers, with no clear-cut policy on the appropriateness ofthe availabletechnologies to the small-farm sector. At independence, it was therefore found necessary to broaden the mandates of the departments ofResearch and Specialist Services and Veterinary Services in order to produce cost-effective appropriate technologies that would increase productivity in the small-farm sector while maintaining production in the large-scale commercial sector. 'b achieve this goal there was a need to develop new strategies. First, the Government launched the Small- Scale Dairy Development Programme (DDP) in 1982. This programme seeks to help small-scale
and communal farmers develop the infrastruc- beat stagnant. There are several reasons for this, ture and management capability needed to run including unfavourable climatic conditions, lack dairy enterprises. DDP aims to produce and or high cost ofinputs and lack of technology for process milk and to encourage farmers to use by farmers. However, we cannot ignore the consume the milk in their area, with the ultimate agricultural sector because it is still the back objective of improving the nutrition and bone of the economy. In most countries livestock increasing the income of small farmers. To date, production remains in the traditional sector, i.e. six successful projects now produce 38,000 to on small-scale farms and in the communal areas 98,000 kg ofmilk per year. Over the last 10 years, where little has changed in the last two decades. we have learnt a lot about the constraints that On the brighter side, there are pockets of the farmers face in this subsector. exemplary and successful livestock research and Secondly, emphasis has shifted towards development programmes in the region that research on small ruminants. The rationale is show the potential of the livestock sector. that goats and sheep play an important role in Information on successful cases is rare as the socio-economic well-being of rural people. workers tend to work in isolation. Research is focusing on reproduction, nutrition The workshop will review a number of and breeds to ensure that small farmers are promising research and development pro given sound technologies that solve their grammes, identifying their attributes and problems. factors constraining them. In addition, case Thirdly, the Cold Storage Commission now studies will provide an opportunity for has slaughter facilities for goats in Bulawayo. exchanging information and experiences from a This ensures that farmers have a guaranteed variety of ecozones, socio-economic environ market for their produce. ments and institutional structures. From the Fourthly, there aro numerous trials that are programme I deduce that we have participants being carried out on cattle nutrition. The results from Botswana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, are not yet conclusive. Lesotho, Switzerland, Madagascar, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia Mczambiqve, and Zimbabwe. This is indeed a large pool of countries. The mix of researchers and extension workers will also give an opportunity for transfer of technology and feedback on the appropriateness of the technologies under review. Fifthly, an ambitious project has been proposed on the conservation ofgenetic material for indigenous cattle breeds. The Government has noted with concern the deterioration of the quality of the indigenous breeds. This project therefore seeks to create an open nucleus herd that will give all farners access to cattle of proven genetic vigour. To date, however, financial resources have not been secured for the project. Generally, however, reseacch on crop production tends to dominate livestock research. Cost-effective and relevant technology for use by farmers is scarce. Yet livestock play an important role in smallholder agriculture, providing draft power, manure, milk, me-at and income. Cattle owners produce more crops than farmers who do not own cattle. Thus research on crops must go hand in hand with that on livestock because these enterpi isee are related. Mr Chairman, this workshop is timely as it is being held at a time when the socio-economic scenario in sub-Saharan Africa is characterised by high population growth rates, low p'oductivity, poverty and poor living conditions. There is an urgent need to change for the better. The per capita productivity of agriculture (including the livestock sector) is declining, or at x{ Mr Chairman, my Government acknowledges and appreciates the tremendous support it receives from ILCA in upgrading the technical and professional qualities ofour scientists. Since the signing of the Memorandum of Agreement between n18,mn ILCA and the cetsshv Government of Zimbabwe negn in 1989, many scientists have undergoie training in animal production here in the country and elsewhere. IL.CA has provided the neceesary technical and financial suppokt. What our Government would like to see is collaboration more and coordination between ILCA and the national agriculture research systems in mntingtinin and researchprorams. mounting training and research programmes. This workshop is another testimony ofthe extent to which ILCA if committed to helping the region. I would like to take this opportunity to wish you the best in your deliberations and hope that your recommendations will be put to use. Mr. Chairman, it is now my great honour to declare this workshop officially open. Thank you.
Page 1 and 2: FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
Page 5 and 6: Disease control approaches Economic
Page 7: Preface John Walsh Director General
Page 11 and 12: The impact of the introduction of e
Page 13 and 14: Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
Page 15 and 16: contribute much more than exotic ca
Page 17 and 18: Intensive animal feeding practices
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
Page 21 and 22: Table 3. Nutritional composition an
Page 23 and 24: Table 6. Nutritional composition an
Page 25 and 26: Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
Page 27 and 28: Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2. The analyical framework.
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3. Group composition and lin
Page 33 and 34: Dairy/beef production systems resea
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
Page 37 and 38: Table 5. The performance of Holstei
Page 39 and 40: Research on smallholder dairy produ
Page 41 and 42: are a small number of productive an
Page 43 and 44: establishing a time frame sufficien
Page 45 and 46: secondary data analyses. In each ar
Page 47 and 48: facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50: References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
Page 51 and 52: Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
Page 53 and 54: country relies on the development o
Page 55 and 56: To estimate the productivity of int
Page 57 and 58: S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
Page 59 and 60:
Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
Page 61 and 62:
igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
Page 63 and 64:
References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
Page 65 and 66:
* train a number of Kenyans for hig
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
Page 69 and 70:
Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
Page 71 and 72:
Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
Page 73 and 74:
Contribution of cros;sbred goats to
Page 75 and 76:
The project staff are closely invol
Page 77 and 78:
Dairy goat research and extension a
Page 79 and 80:
Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
Page 81 and 82:
Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
Page 83 and 84:
Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA f
Page 85 and 86:
Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
Page 87 and 88:
the establishment of good managemen
Page 89 and 90:
Technologies introduced in the farm
Page 91 and 92:
circumvent this problem the "Open N
Page 93 and 94:
Pert-urban small-scale dairy resear
Page 95 and 96:
Research methodology Project implem
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government centre between 1935 and
Page 99 and 100:
emphasis to improvements in the mil
Page 101 and 102:
Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
Page 103 and 104:
Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
Page 105 and 106:
government institutions as research
Page 107 and 108:
Disease control approaches
Page 109 and 110:
ditions occur mostly in calves and
Page 111 and 112:
ments to maintain dipping infrastru
Page 113 and 114:
Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
Page 115 and 116:
experiences so far gained and futur
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acceptance s very high and the work
Page 119 and 120:
Sustainable control methods for tic
Page 121 and 122:
Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
Page 123 and 124:
Summary New vaccine strategies agai
Page 125 and 126:
Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
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Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
Page 129 and 130:
Objectives ofte research programme
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aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
Page 133 and 134:
ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
Page 135 and 136:
Summary Smallholder dairy productio
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Factors affecting the development a
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Most roads in the rural areas where
Page 141 and 142:
well-focused dairy development prog
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Secure better bargaining position w
Page 145 and 146:
purchase fuel and lubricants in the
Page 147 and 148:
part of the country. The cattle pop
Page 149 and 150:
" to increase farm-family income of
Page 151 and 152:
Recent developments in the dairy in
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Dairy development programme in Tang
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Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
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Table 5. Napier production on-farm
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facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
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Smallholder dairy development progr
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various types of cattle under rural
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38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
Page 167 and 168:
labour to meet the requirements of
Page 169 and 170:
Development of smallholder dairying
Page 171 and 172:
Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
Page 173 and 174:
Marketing options for livestock pro
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argaed that the only way to improve
Page 177 and 178:
Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
Page 179 and 180:
Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dai
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Group ranch concept and practice ir
Page 183 and 184:
the land, reducing the capacity of
Page 185 and 186:
Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
Page 187 and 188:
upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
Page 189 and 190:
the project in 1982. Infrastructura
Page 191 and 192:
If all the ranches were subdivided
Page 193 and 194:
This can be achieved through an ext
Page 195 and 196:
Introduction of dairy cattle produc
Page 197 and 198:
" a permanent water source should b
Page 199 and 200:
Development of feeding strategies a
Page 201 and 202:
Supplementation improved milk yield
Page 203 and 204:
Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
Page 205 and 206:
Summary Wool and mohair production
Page 207 and 208:
contributed to low fecundity was th
Page 209 and 210:
established with the following obje
Page 211 and 212:
qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
Page 213 and 214:
Synthesis of constraints to livesto
Page 215 and 216:
i'nd appropriateness of the technol
Page 217 and 218:
" Realising the magnitude of the pr
Page 219 and 220:
DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
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