aistand south~ern afrkca - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Table 2. Chemical composition of different components ofwater melons, Acacia pods,sunflower seed cake and Cenchrus cillaris hay.1 DM Composltion, % of OM Feed Ash CP NDF ADF ADL EE HEM CEL A. tortilis seeds 91.2 3.7 18.6 42.8 25.3 6.8 1.4 17.5 18.5 A. albkla seeds 90.1 3.4 23.3 44.0 13.5 5.2 2.3 30.5 18.7 Water melon 95.4 2.4 15.5 58.4 43.6 10.9 23.5 14.8 32.7 seeds Cenchrus ciliaris 93.7 9.5 4.7 72.5 40.8 8.1 1.4 31.7 32.7 Sunflowercake 94.7 6.6 25.8 62.3 41.9 12.9 13.1 20.4 29.0 Acacia tortilis 89.3 4.5 9.3 45.0 37.7 7.7 0.8 7.3 30.0 empty pods Acacia albida 60.9 3.2 8.3 42.9 35.4 6.3 0.8 7.5 29.1 empty pods Acacia ttilis 90.2 4.1 13.4 44.0 32.2 7.3 1.1 11.8 24.9 (whole fruit) Acacia albida 90.8 3.2 10.4 53.9 33.1 6.2 0.5 10.8 26.9 (whole fruit) 1. DM = dry matter, CP - crude protein; NDF = Neutral-detergent fibre; ADF =acid detergent fibre; ADL - Acid detergent lignin; EE = ether extract, HEM = hemlcelulose (NDF - ADF); CEL = celulose (ADF - ADL). have a reasonable nutritive value. The phenolics done during the last three days commencing on contents in Acacia tortilis seeds and pods did not day 15. The data indicated that the proteins in seem to influence degradability and overall in the test supplements were in the form of vitro digestibility. undegradable proteins which could be Daily NH3-N production in the rumen on strategically used in that form. supplementation with or without 1.5 kg each of Results on milk yield and composition of Acacia tortilisground pods or water melon seed Mpwapwa cows fed on Cenchrus ciliarisbased meal i3shcwn in Figure 1. The fistitulated steer diet and 1 kg maize bran (control) supplemented was fed on Ccnchrus ciliaris hay and was with or without 1.5 kg each of Acacia tortilis supplemented with test feeds at 0900 hours and ground pods, water melon seed meal or 1 kg of 1700 hours for 18 days and data collection was sunflower seed cake are shown in Table 6. Table 3. Mineral composition, ADF-N, soluble phenolics (SPHEN) and condentsedproanthocyanidins (CPRC, abs/gNDF) of different components ofacacia pods, water-melon seeds andsunflower seedcake. 1 ADF-N SPHEN CPRC Minerals g/kg Feed g100 g Ca P K Mg Na A. torfitis seeds 0.94 40.14 15.06 6.20 2.4 8.0 2.1 0.11 A. albida seeds 0.96
Supplementation improved milk yields and supplementation with water melon seeds or Table 4. In vtro organic matter diiestibility Acacia tortilis pods yielded similar amounts of (VOMD) 0' diffrent components of milk as with 1 kg of sunflower seed cake. Cenchrus acacia ciliaris pods, hay water and sunflower melons, Based on the report by Tanner et al (1990) seed cake. who observed considerable amounts (46%) of intact (undigested) Acacia tortilis seeds in the Feed IVOMD (%) faeces of sheep supplemented with unground Acacia tortilisseeds 86.4 pods, the project routinely ground the whole Acaca albidaseeds 94.3 acacias pods. Water-melon seeds 52.0 Nutrilive value of browse Sunflower seed cake 56.1 Cons;Jerable information iz. available on the Cenchrusciiaris 61.0 potential contribution of the introduced legu- Acacia tortils empty pods 59.7 minous species such as Leucaena leucocephala (NAS, 1977; Jones, 1979) and Gliricidiasepium Acaca albida empty pods 88.2 Table 5. Insacco degradability of different components ofAcacia pods, water melon seeds, sunfiowe; seed cake and Cenchrus ciliarts hay after different Incubation times. In sac.,o degradabillty, %of DM Feed Acacia tortifisseeds 6 25.1 12 38.0 Incubation time (hours) 18 24 50.2 58.5 48 75.4 72 80.P Acacia albida seeds Watermalon seeds Cenchrus ciliadshay Sunflower seed cake A ofos empty pods A.albida emptypods 48.2 39.2 22.9 37.6 42.2 50.1 NA 41.5 34.6 44.7 50.8 59.4 75.9 44.1 38.8 44.6 5/.5 66.7 85.5 44.9 45.4 47.2 60.4 69.9 NA 44.5 54.5 47.6 eM.2 70.5 93 45.3 61.1 47.9 65.1 69.9 Figur 1. Effect ofsupplementation with Acacia pods, water melon seed meal and sunflowerseed cake on rumen NH3-N of a steer on Conchrus ciliaris-based diet 30 ' 20 NH3-N (mg/100 ml) . % % ".• Water melon SM "'" • .. ".....Sunflower SC - .. . ''...".Acacia pod 10 lO5 20 Time (hours) 207 ...... Control
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FPTREOF LIVESTOCK INIWSTRIES ', AIS
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ISBN 92-9053-,271--a Correct citati
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Disease control approaches Economic
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Preface John Walsh Director General
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and communal farmers develop the in
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The impact of the introduction of e
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Table 3. Productivity ol Tswanacros
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contribute much more than exotic ca
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Intensive animal feeding practices
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Table 1. Annual dry-mattur producti
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Table 3. Nutritional composition an
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Table 6. Nutritional composition an
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Table 10. Dry matter Intake and por
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Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 December 1988
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Figure 2. The analyical framework.
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Figure 3. Group composition and lin
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Dairy/beef production systems resea
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Table 2. Constraints to beef/dalry
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Table 5. The performance of Holstei
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Research on smallholder dairy produ
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are a small number of productive an
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establishing a time frame sufficien
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secondary data analyses. In each ar
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facilitate greater orientation to f
Page 49 and 50:
References Goldson J. 1973. The eff
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Sumnary Smallholder dairy on-farm r
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country relies on the development o
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To estimate the productivity of int
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S n x Ethiopia's population, is est
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Results temperate climate of sub-Sa
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igurel. #O-mcaf 9RHVM pedm im eat B
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References Beyene Kebede. 1987. The
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* train a number of Kenyans for hig
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Figure 1. Comparative milk off-take
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Table 2. On-farnn flock composiion
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Market demand for DPGs and DPG prod
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Contribution of cros;sbred goats to
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The project staff are closely invol
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Dairy goat research and extension a
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Table 2. Main objectives of fte res
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Table 3. Daitygoat management at SU
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Table 6. Performanceof does atSUA f
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Summary Dtal-purpose cattle in cent
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the establishment of good managemen
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Technologies introduced in the farm
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circumvent this problem the "Open N
Page 93 and 94:
Pert-urban small-scale dairy resear
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Research methodology Project implem
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government centre between 1935 and
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emphasis to improvements in the mil
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Table 1. Agro-ecological zones of Z
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Table 2. Productivity of indigenous
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government institutions as research
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Disease control approaches
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ditions occur mostly in calves and
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ments to maintain dipping infrastru
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Lawrence J A and McCo(kcr P J. 1981
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experiences so far gained and futur
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acceptance s very high and the work
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Sustainable control methods for tic
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Table 1. Trkk-resistantzebu cattle
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Summary New vaccine strategies agai
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Uilenberg G, Zivkovic D, Dwinger R
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Table 1. Tsetse infested area in co
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Objectives ofte research programme
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aspect. needs urgent attention. Val
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ingoats. Tropical Animal HeathandPr
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Summary Smallholder dairy productio
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Factors affecting the development a
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Most roads in the rural areas where
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well-focused dairy development prog
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Secure better bargaining position w
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purchase fuel and lubricants in the
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part of the country. The cattle pop
Page 149 and 150: " to increase farm-family income of
Page 151 and 152: Recent developments in the dairy in
Page 153 and 154: Dairy development programme in Tang
Page 155 and 156: Table 3. Popu/aon andpro&ctke kicak
Page 157 and 158: Table 5. Napier production on-farm
Page 159 and 160: facilities, unreliable trnsport, la
Page 161 and 162: Smallholder dairy development progr
Page 163 and 164: various types of cattle under rural
Page 165 and 166: 38,657 (US$ 7957) have been achieve
Page 167 and 168: labour to meet the requirements of
Page 169 and 170: Development of smallholder dairying
Page 171 and 172: Table 3. Revenue and expenditure fr
Page 173 and 174: Marketing options for livestock pro
Page 175 and 176: argaed that the only way to improve
Page 177 and 178: Debrah and Axrteneh (1991) found ma
Page 179 and 180: Mbogoh S G and Tilahun N. 1992. Dai
Page 181 and 182: Group ranch concept and practice ir
Page 183 and 184: the land, reducing the capacity of
Page 185 and 186: Furthermore, Goldschmidt (1981) sta
Page 187 and 188: upgraded with Sahiwal breed (Kajiad
Page 189 and 190: the project in 1982. Infrastructura
Page 191 and 192: If all the ranches were subdivided
Page 193 and 194: This can be achieved through an ext
Page 195 and 196: Introduction of dairy cattle produc
Page 197 and 198: " a permanent water source should b
Page 199: Development of feeding strategies a
Page 203 and 204: Sweet potato vines, pigeon pea leav
Page 205 and 206: Summary Wool and mohair production
Page 207 and 208: contributed to low fecundity was th
Page 209 and 210: established with the following obje
Page 211 and 212: qualified staff at LIC& haa been a
Page 213 and 214: Synthesis of constraints to livesto
Page 215 and 216: i'nd appropriateness of the technol
Page 217 and 218: " Realising the magnitude of the pr
Page 219 and 220: DrL. Reynolds International Livesto
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