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Sustainable development Into that land of freedom, oh my father, let my country awake – Tagore → developing world. As Keynes showed, small savings by many people can outrun large savings by a few, so we must never confuse the average with the marginal. Nonetheless aid would provide fortification when things fail, as they sometimes will. It is also important to champion the success stories of diverse development leaders. These range from enthusiastic civil servants to managers running a public utility, a farmers’ group resolving a supplychain bottleneck and an entrepreneur who discovered that a farmer has the skills to satisfy a particular market. Policy creates the institutions and the legal and administrative structures necessary for championing to become embedded in the system. It is also the task of governance to set the rules that determine what we should and should not do. Punishment for doing what should not be done should be severe. Rules and organisations must encourage widening the human experience. Despite the power of technology harnessing decentralised markets, obscurantism, avarice and violence remain part of human existence. Raising resources At the turn of the millennium, some critical questions stood out. How could communities and individuals in at-risk regions turn around? How could sustainable development strategies be operationalised? What were the international implications of supporting these strategies? The comprehensive development framework set out by the MDGs supplemented the knowledge base. Development strategies raise resources. Do we have the knowledge to develop systems – using resources, technology and organisational support – that help those who help themselves? How the power of modern technology and decentralised markets can be used where resource 7.6% India's economic growth for the last fiscal year support is weak is not clear. Can partnerships be considered if the language of the other is not known? What are the requirements of participation and transparency, and how can they be part of a functioning system? The G7 and the G20 do not use civil society coalitions to buttress official initiatives, as suggested by Anne-Marie Slaughter two decades ago. The United Nations and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development keep civil society safely in the next room, as it were. Developing knowledge The success stories of transformed communities and the fast-changing dynamics of the development process remain in their own world. The people who built the ‘producer company’ – the farmers group, the fisherman’s cove or the artisan cluster making waves in global markets – have likely not even heard of the global development challenge. India’s diamond polishers earn more from exports than its software exporters. When China abolished its state planning committee and created the National Reform Commission, it gave it the power to allocate funds where longterm thinking and action were needed in private-public partnerships. India abolished its Planning Commission and set up a substitute with no such powers. Therefore no one takes its long-term studies seriously. It is better to focus on a few areas where public policy can encourage public-private cooperation for long-term solutions. These are the days of short cycles of development knowledge. As the great Indian poet Tagore prayed for prophetically almost a century ago, wanting his country to remain open to ideas from all over the world, “Into that land of freedom, oh my father, let my country awake”. G20 168 G20 China: The Hangzhou Summit • September 2016 G7G20.com
Trade and investment COMPLIANCE SCORES The average level at which G20 members have complied with their priority trade commitments from 2008 to 2014 +0.17 59% ICON MADE BY FREEPIK FROM FLAT ICON +1 means full compliance, 0 means work in progress or partial compliance, and -1 means no compliance or action antithetical to the commitment. Based on a study by the G20 Research Group
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G20 Research Group September 2016 G
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Welcome from the President WELCOME
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China: the Hangzhou Summit | Septem
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China: the Hangzhou Summit | Septem
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G20 China: the Hangzhou Summit | Se
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@G7_G20 www.G7G20.com LinkedIn.com/
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Leader's view LEADER'S VIEW Buildin
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Leader view LEADER'S VIEW Africa’
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Leader's view Narendra Modi Prime M
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Leader's view LEADER'S VIEW Practic
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The EU is pursuing a virtuous trian
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2 nd Leader's view Summit 2015 Elec
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National tax authorities must work
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Leader's view GUEST LEADER'S VIEW P
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ADVOCACY Mostadam's first Certified
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ADVOCACY AMSCO Deepening African bu
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• Contribuer à la croissance éc
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ADVOCACY David Herbinet, Global Hea
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Leader's view 10 th Summit LEADER'S
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ADVOCACY THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE IS
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ADVOCACY METRO SMART INTERNATIONAL
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Leaders' views GUESTS' AND LEADERS'
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Leaders' views GUEST AND LEADERS' V
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ADVOCACY METRO SMART INTERNATIONAL
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Spotlight on China The Hangzhou Sum
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Spotlight on China SPOTLIGHT ON CHI
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ADVOCACY PORT OF ROTTERDAM Natural
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Spotlight on China STR/AFP/GETTY IM
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Spotlight on China China Central TV
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Spotlight on China ZHUDIFENG/ISTOCK
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ADVOCACY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY PRIME M
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Editors’ introductions KEY TAKEAW
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Editors’ introductions KEY TAKEAW
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G20 through history $430BN 2% IMF f
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The BRICS Research Group The concep
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Innovative technologies KEY TAKEAWA
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ADVOCACY HIVE TECHNOLOGY Single Ide
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Innovative technologies Governments
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Growing the global economy Thomas A
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Running head → as contracts get a
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ADVOCACY BNY MELLON A tectonic shif
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Growing the global economy 104 G20
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Growing the global economy Q I woul
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Structural reform and SMEs 108 G20
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Structural reform and SMEs 3 0.9% A
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ADVOCACY SUDAN HIGHER COUNCIL FOR E
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Structural reform and SMEs KEY TAKE
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Structural reform and SMEs $12TN Gr
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Page 162 and 163: Background 450M People out of reach
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Page 172 and 173: Trade and investment 52% 767M Major
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Agriculture, food and nutrition Kan
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Agriculture, food and nutrition Inn
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ADVOCACY Above: Organic farming can
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Agriculture, food and nutrition IN
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ADVOCACY OCP GROUP MR TARIK CHOHO,
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Strengthening the G20 System COMPLI
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Strengthening the G20 system This y
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Strengthening the G20 system The BR
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Strengthening the G20 system The UN
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Strengthening the G20 system www.pa
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Strengthening the G20 system 23 pos
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Stories from inside summitry The G2
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Business. For Good TM 鼓励商
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