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Innovative technologies<br />
KEY TAKEAWAYS<br />
Advances in artificial intelligence (AI)<br />
and robotics can help everyone<br />
However, more automation in<br />
the workplace will lead to job losses<br />
FIVE RECENT<br />
INNOVATIONS<br />
Self-driving vehicles<br />
Tesla and Google are<br />
pioneering the two most<br />
high-profile self-driving<br />
car schemes.<br />
Self-training robots<br />
OpenAI recently unveiled<br />
robots who have mastered<br />
household chores via selflearning<br />
AI technology.<br />
REINFORCING<br />
THE REWARDS<br />
FROM ROBOTS<br />
Artificial intelligence and robotics will change societies forever.<br />
Martin Ford writes about how governments can update their policies<br />
to embrace new technology and make life better for everyone<br />
Beer<br />
IntelligentX brews<br />
four beers created<br />
by AI, which are<br />
updated via a<br />
customer feedback<br />
algorithm.<br />
Shape-shifting apartments<br />
MIT Media Lab spin-off Ori<br />
uses robotic furniture to<br />
transform a living space<br />
for different uses.<br />
Delivery drones<br />
Amazon and Starship are<br />
among the companies<br />
testing air- and land-based<br />
delivery drones in the UK.<br />
Recent progress in artificial<br />
intelligence (AI) and robotics<br />
suggests that we are likely<br />
to see astonishing advances<br />
during the coming decades.<br />
Fields such as medicine and online<br />
education will be transformed in ways<br />
that will likely result in dramatic benefits<br />
for all humanity.<br />
The rise of machine learning<br />
There is, however, a dark side. A great many<br />
workers will likely face displacement by<br />
machines. A large percentage of jobs are,<br />
on some level, routine and repetitive. They<br />
can be broken down into discrete tasks<br />
that are repeated on a predictable basis. As<br />
machine learning and robotics technologies<br />
advance, a large fraction of these job types<br />
will be at risk of being automated away.<br />
This concern is not far-fetched science<br />
fiction. It is based on a simple extrapolation<br />
of the expert systems and sophisticated<br />
algorithms that can already land jet<br />
airplanes, trade autonomously on Wall<br />
Street, or – as demonstrated by Google’s<br />
DeepMind technology – beat nearly any<br />
human at the ancient game of Go. As<br />
technology progresses, these systems will<br />
match or exceed the capability of human<br />
workers in many routine jobs, including<br />
workers with college degrees or other<br />
significant training. Many workers will<br />
also be threatened by the continuing trend<br />
towards self-service technologies that push<br />
tasks onto consumers.<br />
Those who dismiss the potential for<br />
significant technological unemployment<br />
often point to the extreme historical<br />
example of the mechanisation of<br />
agriculture. In the late 1800s, about<br />
three-quarters of workers in the United<br />
States were employed in agriculture.<br />
Today, the number is around two per cent.<br />
Advancing technology irreversibly<br />
eliminated millions of jobs. →<br />
92 <strong>G20</strong> China: The Hangzhou Summit • September 2016 G7<strong>G20</strong>.com
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