130218_Luxor-Egypt SECAP Final
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harbour) in Alexandria 45 .<br />
Moreover, heat waves will affect the attractiveness and for tourism movement in <strong>Egypt</strong> due to the fact that<br />
most of tourists prefer moderate weather 46 .<br />
Climate change impacts – Health<br />
<strong>Egypt</strong> already suffers from air and water pollution. Diseases that are caused by poor water quality and<br />
sanitation kill 17,000 children per year. Concentration level of air pollution in urban centre of Greater Cairo<br />
was 82.6 mg/m3, when the World Health Organization standard is 10 mg/m 3 . This dramatic situation leads<br />
to 20,000 premature deaths yearly in Cairo and Alexandria and costs <strong>Egypt</strong> economy from 3 to 6 % GDP.<br />
Climate change could increase air pollution because high temperature and low precipitation tend to increase<br />
the pollution in the air, so annual mortality will increase by hundred to thousand and <strong>Egypt</strong> loss would be 10<br />
to 24 billion EGP per year 17 .<br />
Air and water pollution levels in <strong>Egypt</strong> contribute to many premature deaths and morbidity. About 17,000<br />
children per year, one-fifth of all childhood deaths, are estimated to result from poor water quality,<br />
inadequate hygiene, and poor sanitation. These conditions also contribute to high levels of infectious disease<br />
among children and adults, particularly diseases caused by worms and other parasites that result in a yearly<br />
loss of 615,000 disability adjusted life years (DALYs; World Bank, 2002).<br />
Table 10: Ranking of climate change vulnerabilities in <strong>Egypt</strong> (OECD)<br />
Resources/<br />
risk ranking<br />
Risk<br />
Certainty of<br />
impact<br />
Severity of<br />
impact<br />
Importance of<br />
resources<br />
Coastal<br />
resources<br />
Water<br />
resources<br />
Agriculture<br />
Energy<br />
Resources<br />
- SLR<br />
- Coastal erosion Soil salinization<br />
- Decrease Nile flow<br />
- Low precipitation / Salt water<br />
intrusion / Decrease Nile flow<br />
- Low precipitation<br />
- Salt water intrusion<br />
- SLR<br />
- Soil salinization<br />
- High temperature<br />
- High temperature<br />
- Decrease Nile flow<br />
High - medium High High<br />
Medium High High<br />
Medium - low Medium - low High - Medium<br />
Medium - low Medium - low Medium - low<br />
45<br />
"Environment and development in coastal regions and in small islands," International Workshop on Submarine Archaeology and Coastal<br />
Management. Available at: www.unesco.org/csi/pub/papers2/alex7.htm. Accessed on: July 2015.<br />
46<br />
Ma Bele´n Go´mez Martı´n, "WEATHER, CLIMATE AND TOURISM A Geographical Perspective," Elsevier, Barcelona, Spain, 2005.<br />
85
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