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2. BATHHOUSE 32 Dr. Bärbel Pelker 2. Description „ “ … it is a place of mental and spiritual regeneration, one in which the ideas of the Enlightenment and of Freemasonry play an important part. Carl Theodor derived great pleasure from spending the afternoon hours in the bathhouse philosophising with scholars of both noble and common birth; contemporary sources attest principally to discussions on musical theory and musical aesthetics. It was in the room at the centre of the bathhouse that Carl Theodor himself tried his hand as a musician, playing the flute together with selected court musicians or travelling virtuosos with complete disregard for established social boundaries.
<strong>3.</strong> Justification for Inscription 3 a) Criteria under which Inscription is Proposed (and Justification for Inscription under these Criteria) The title proposed in the tentative list, “Palace and Gardens at Schwetzingen”, has been altered and redefined in the course of the preparations for nomination of the property. The new title, “Schwetzingen: A Prince Elector’s Summer Residence”, takes account of Schwetzingen’s outstanding status as an example of an eighteenth-century summer residence on the one hand; on the other it still acknowledges the unique status of the garden, created within a clearly defined, specific time period and in close connection with this “summer residence” function and preserved in this identity as a monument. Moreover, the spatial layout of the garden embodies exceptional aspects of a past cultural tradition. Criterion (iii). Schwetzingen bears an exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition which has disappeared. Under the rule of Elector Carl Theodor of the Palatinate, Schwetzingen represents a classic example of the cultural phenomenon of a summer residence of the Enlightenment era and inspired by its ideas – ideas expressed by the iconography of the garden as much as by the Elector’s fostering of the sciences. The founding of the Palatinate Academy of the Sciences, the opening of the library to the public, the systematic investigation and documentation of archaeological history that was in its day unique in Germany, the founding of scientific institutions like the “Physics Cabinet”, the astronomical observatory or a meteorological measuring station, and the remarkably precise survey of the Palatinate conducted in Carl Theodor’s reign are all outstanding accomplishments in the spirit of an Enlightenment considered to place obligations on the ruler, too. With the focus increasingly on learned institutions, the nature and appearance of courtly display changed. The number of holidays and lavish festivities was reduced. On the numerous occasions when aristocratic visitors came to stay at the summer residence, formerly taken as welcome excuses for courtly pomp and circumstance, “the celebrations are now no longer ostentatious but tasteful and well chosen” (Schubart). It was in the field of courtly music in particular, a personal hobby of the Elector, that this new cultural seriousness found its expression: in the opportunity offered to all children of the Palatinate domains to attend a music school, the “Tonschule”; in its trailblazing for what was to become the culture of the modern orchestra; in the cultivation of opera at Schwetzingen, where up to four different operas per season were performed, each of them more than once. In this way the cultural traditions of the summer residence found their expression in music, in an extraordinary manner that was unique throughout Europe. There are a number of traits that are singular to the summer residence, with its court orchestra invariably present for six months every year: 1. A unique circumstance within the culture of 18th-century courtly music is the programmatic distinction, within the opera repertory, between the main and the summer residences. The Schwetzingen season was reserved for comic opera, performances in German, and subjects pertaining to the Enlightenment. In contrast to the formally celebrated Mannheim operas, magnificently performed on the name days of the Electoral couple with much courtly display, the summer stays at Schwetzingen were characterized not only by a programmatic difference in the music that was being played. There was also a typological variety unique by European standards (Opera buffa, Opéra comique and German “Singspiel”), an extraordinary number of new pieces, a progressive attitude towards music and the private atmosphere of many performances – as well as the chief venue <strong>3.</strong> 33
Page 1: Nomination for Inscription on the U
Page 5 and 6: Contents Nomination Form 1. Identif
Page 7 and 8: 1. Identification of the Property 1
Page 9 and 10: 1. Identification of the Property 1
Page 11 and 12: 2. Description 2.a) Description of
Page 13 and 14: Captions (italics denote a selectio
Page 15 and 16: of the eighteenth-centuries. Most o
Page 17 and 18: projecting galleries, and stalls ge
Page 19 and 20: pavilion of the southern arbour wal
Page 21 and 22: the other rooms in the bathhouse, w
Page 23 and 24: y wooden columns. The trellises, to
Page 25 and 26: Areas Bordering the Gardens, and Bu
Page 27 and 28: Palatina; 1773: publication of the
Page 29 and 30: function, was guaranteed by the con
Page 31: (Monuments in the Administrative Di
Page 35 and 36: as it were, in the palace garden, t
Page 37 and 38: “Arboretum” is at the very begi
Page 39 and 40: However, archaeological activity wa
Page 41 and 42: 3.c) Comparative Analysis Introduct
Page 43 and 44: uncommonly personal and individual
Page 45 and 46: east of the palace; 1803/04 constru
Page 47 and 48: Authenticity: The palace was only s
Page 49 and 50: der Gärten Nymphenburg und Schwetz
Page 51 and 52: Court Garden of Ansbach Basic Facts
Page 53 and 54: Characteristics: Today the Bayreuth
Page 55 and 56: is in the merely rudimentary landsc
Page 57 and 58: has been lost. The original statue
Page 59 and 60: Summary Herrenhausen performed the
Page 61 and 62: Palace of Sanssouci Basic Facts Loc
Page 63 and 64: Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz B
Page 65 and 66: under King Johann of Saxony (1801-1
Page 67 and 68: of palace chapel; 1715 death of Lou
Page 69 and 70: World Heritage site since 1996. Cha
Page 71 and 72: Technical monuments: The 1725 ”Wi
Page 73 and 74: Palace Garden of Palazzo Reale, Cas
Page 75 and 76: Characteristics: The estate incorpo
Page 77 and 78: Summary Even after the main residen
Page 79 and 80: Géza Galavics: Egy elfeledett ango
Page 81 and 82: Blenheim Castle und Park Basic Fact
Page 83 and 84:
Topical Comparison Summer residence
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Philipp, enlarged from 1748 under E
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encroachment of the residential are
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Technical Monuments Technical monum
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Comparison of Outstanding Artistic
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eference to Greek antiquity. 13 The
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of the palace and as a star-shaped
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laying out of such a collection as
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gardens in 1804-1823. 45 Here Sckel
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Bayreuth. A novel element is the sl
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current appearance is shaped by num
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early as 1753 the “Salle de Comé
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Garden Mosques The mosque, built 17
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in a garden plan of that year. 90 T
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3.d) Integrity and/or Authenticity
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Thus the numerous small 18th-centur
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3. Justification for Inscription 3.
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4. State of Conservation and Factor
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4. State of Conservation and Factor
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Planned Measures The Management Pla
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necessary steps are taken to avoid
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5. Protection and Management of the
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environmental features worthy of pr
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special conservation areas designat
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• the palace gardens, combining B
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5.c) Means of Implementing Protecti
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5.e) Property Management Plan or Ot
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5.g) Sources of Expertise and Train
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Since 1991, guided tours of the pal
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5.i) Policies and Programmes Relate
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5.j) Staffing Levels (Professional,
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6. Monitoring 6.a) Key Indicators f
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Schwetzingen: A Prince Elector‘s
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Date Title, author, source Content
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6. Monitoring 6. 155
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7. Documentation 7.a) Photographs,
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7.d) Addresses where Inventory, Rec
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8. Contact Information 8.a) Prepare
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Badische Heimat, Bezirksgruppe Schw
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9. Signatures on Behalf of the Stat
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I. Report on the Architectural and
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II. Report on the Garden Historical
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uildings - that rarely corresponded
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III. Report on the Excellence of Ga
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By 1681, Liselotte‘s brother, Pri
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IV. Report on the Historical Import
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V. Report on the Music Historical I
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list of musicians for the first tim
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all occasions, must be the conseque
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classical Viennese composers) the s
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green vines, and mystifyingly bound
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the German Southwest in the 18th-Ce
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VI. Interpretation of the Palace Ga
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the significance of Schwetzingen Ga
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Pfalz-Zweibrücken, the Palatinate
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On 29 August 1749, the Prince Elect
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owners and designers of gardens to
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conceptualisation underlying the ga
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parterre, the “Schwetzingen compa
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About the Experts Michael Hesse Pro
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team at the Berlin-Brandenburg Acad
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