2012 EDUCATIONAL BOOK - American Society of Clinical Oncology

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economies of scale, no predetermined metrics were developed and no resources were made available to collect and analyze data to evaluate success. In fact, annual budget reductions after the merger precluded any comprehensive, detailed self-assessment. There were considerable immediate challenges in the transition process of unifying culturally and organizationally distinct, procedurally and operationally disparate, competing clinical trial networks. COG leadership focused initially on individual, discipline-specific, and institutional membership requirements; financial planning and new models for funds distribution (given the planned discontinuation of institutional U-10 awards); consolidation of administrative functions; and coordination of data management and statistical operations. The last of these was particularly problematic since three separate sites served as statistics and data management centers using different and noncompatible, internally generated, electronic, Web-based remote data entry and registration systems. The importance of providing adequate and centralized IT support and an enterprise-wide Clinical Data Management System cannot be overemphasized. It was a priority to maintain active legacy study conduct (80 phase III, 22 phase II, and 7 phase I) open studies using different data management platforms while planning for the importation of all legacy as well as new data to a single common platform. Of equal and—given resource constraints—competing priority was the development and implementation of new biologically based and hypothesisdriven clinical trials. Despite the lack of prespecified metrics, many successes were realized as a direct result of the consolidation. Three years after the merger, annual enrollment on therapeutic studies increased by more than 25% and enrollment on KEY POINTS ● The merger of the legacy pediatric cooperative groups was self-motivated and self-directed. ● No preestablished metrics of success were developed other than to maintain focus and achieve mission success. ● Supplemental resources during a challenging transition period were not made available. ● The lack of supplemental resources precluded the Children’s Oncology Group’s ability to perform a detailed assessment of evaluating efficiency, and progressive budget reductions made evaluation of any cost-effectiveness impossible. ● Significant accomplishments in pediatric cancer were made possible only as a direct result of its planned consolidation and successful integration. Author’s Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest Author Gregory H. Reaman* *No relevant relationships to disclose. 150 Employment or Leadership Positions Consultant or Advisory Role nontherapeutic (epidemiology and biology) studies more than doubled compared with combined enrollment statistics of the legacy groups. 4 COG became the largest childhood cancer research organization in the world and expanded its international collaborations. New clinical and biologically based classification systems were developed for both acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia and neuroblastoma. 5,6,7 Cytogenetic and molecular genetic predictors of outcome were defined for these same diseases as well as for Wilms tumor and medulloblastoma. The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in a number of tumor systems (acute leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma) was established and incorporated into the expansion of riskadjusted treatment approaches to these diseases. 6,7 Expanding active programs in biomarker development for patient enrichment and risk classification was made possible by the retrospective analysis of independent data sets from legacy groups as test and validation cohorts. Early in its history, COG opened a frontline, randomized clinical trial for osteosarcoma, designed and conducted in collaboration with multiple European cooperative groups, which led to the development of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program guidelines for performance of international clinical trials. By consolidating legacy bio-specimen banks, COG’s Biopathology Center has become the national and international resource for clinically well-annotated specimens of virtually every type of pediatric cancer. Important genomic investigations in collaboration with the NCI’s Cancer Genome Atlas and the TARGET initiative have been made possible through this resource. These investigations have identified novel genetic lesions in acute leukemia and neuroblastoma, which are being evaluated as predictive biomarkers and for their potential therapeutic exploitation. 7-11 Since the consolidation, statistically significant improvements in 5-year event-free survival rates have been achieved in all prognostic subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, high-risk neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma. 7,8,12,13 COG has developed Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for childhood cancer survivors, which are regularly updated in accordance with increasing evidence and utilized worldwide. 7 Relevant portions of these exposure-dependent risk assessments and recommended surveillance parameters have been extrapolated for adult cancer survivors. Despite the initial challenges and anxiety experienced during the early days of the consolidation, and despite the criticism in response to the reduction in healthy competition, COG has emerged as more successful and impactful than the sum of its legacy groups. With thoughtful transition, focus on mission, assurance of adequate centralized resources and utilization of well-constructed, predetermined metrics, the current cooperative group reorganization should be viewed as a real opportunity to further advance clinical and translational research. Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony GREGORY H. REAMAN Other Remuneration
COG: GIVING NEW MEANING TO COOPERATIVE 1. Reaman GH. Pediatric oncology; current views and outcomes. Pediatr Clin Nort Am. 2002;49:1305-1318. 2. Reaman GH. Clinical advances in pediatric hematology and oncology: Cooperative group research. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2005;3:133-135. 3. Anderson BD, Smith MA, Reaman GH, et al. Views of American oncologists about the purposes of clinical trials. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95: 630-631. 4. Steele JR, Wellemeyer AS, Hansen MJ, et al. Childhood cancer research network; A North American pediatric cancer registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006;15:1241-1242. 5. Schultz KR, Pullen DJ, Sather HN, et al. Risk and response based classification of childhood B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A combined analysis of prognostic markers from the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) and the Children’s Cancer Group (CCG). Blood. 2007;109:926-935. 6. Borowitz MJ, Devidas M, Hunger S, et al. Clinical significance of minimal residual disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and its relationship to other prognostic factors: A Children’s Oncology Group study. Blood. 2008;111:5477-5485. 7. O’Leary M, Krailo M, Anderson JR, et al. Progress in childhood cancer: REFERENCES 50 years of research collaboration: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Semin Oncol. 2008;35:484-493. 8. Hunger SP, Devidas M, Camitta B, et al. Improved survival for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from 1990–2005: A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. In press. 9. Hunger SP, Raetz EA, Loh ML, et al. Improving outcomes for high-risk ALL: Translating new discoveries into clinical care. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56:984-993. 10. Mullighan CC, Su X, Zhang J, et al. Deletion of IZKF1 and prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:470-480. 11. Mullighan CC, Zhang J, Harvey RC, et al. JAK mutations in high risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2009;106: 914-918. 12. O’Leary MC, Reaman GH. “Principles of pediatric oncology.” Hong WK, Bast RC, Hait W, et al (eds). Cancer Medicine 8 th Edition. Shelton, CT: BC Decker, 2010, pp. 1723-1741. 13. Smith MA, Seibel NL, Altekruse SF, et al. Outcomes for children and adolescents with cancer: Challenges for the 21 st century. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2625-2634. 151
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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLO
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American Society of Clinical Oncolo
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American Society of Clinical Oncolo
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New Looks and Challenges for Cooper
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Genitourinary Cancer Best Use of Im
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Research and Standard of Care: Lung
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Practice Management and Information
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2012 ASCO Annual Meeting Disclosure
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Matti S. Aapro, MD Clinique De Geno
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Hedy Lee Kindler, MD The University
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Douglas E. Wood, MD University of W
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Mary Lou Smith, JD, MBA Research Ad
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ASCO and Conquer Cancer Foundation
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Letter from the Editor The theme of
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Adjuvant Therapy for Older Women wi
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TREATMENT FOR OLDER WOMEN WITH BREA
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS the
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS Tab
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS Tab
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS 93.
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS 1 c
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY reductio
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY which ra
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY assay is
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A DICKENS TALE OF THE TREATMENT OF
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TREATMENT OF ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
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A FRESH LOOK AT DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN
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DCIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND UNCHARTED W
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DCIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND UNCHARTED W
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Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and the I
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DCIS AND INFLUENCE OF RISK FACTORS
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KEY QUESTIONS IN THE LOCO-REGIONAL
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POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION AND PARTIA
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The Appropriate Extent of Surgery f
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SURGERY FOR EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANC
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BIOLOGY AND LOCAL THERAPY DECISIONS
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Clinical and Imaging Surveillance F
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SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING BREAST CANCE
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SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING BREAST CANCE
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Advanced Imaging Techniques for the
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IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR BREAST CANCE
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IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR BREAST CANCE
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Update of the Oxford Overview: New
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UPDATE OF THE OXFORD OVERVIEW Fig.
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UPDATE OF THE OXFORD OVERVIEW Overv
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Gene Patents and Personalized Medic
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GENE PATENTS AND EFFECTS ON PERSONA
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Chemoprevention for Breast Cancer:
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CHEMOPREVENTION FOR BREAST CANCER T
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CHEMOPREVENTION FOR BREAST CANCER C
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CONTROVERSIES IN PROSTATE CANCER: P
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PROSTATE CANCER RISK REDUCTION men
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PROSTATE CANCER RISK REDUCTION Auth
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PSA SCREENING: HARMS WITHOUT CLEAR
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Page 127 and 128: GLIOBLASTOMA: TAKING THE STANDARD O
Page 129 and 130: GLIOBLASTOMA: BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND
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Page 139 and 140: ESTABLISHING TREATMENTS FOR GLIOBLA
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Page 153 and 154: TTF THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA Fig. 1.
Page 155 and 156: TTF THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA istics.
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Page 159 and 160: Limitations of Adaptive Clinical Tr
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Page 165 and 166: Capturing the Patient Perspective:
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Page 171 and 172: NEW LOOKS AND CHALLENGES FOR COOPER
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Page 179 and 180: A Critical Review of the Enrollment
Page 181 and 182: BLACK PATIENTS AND CANCER CLINICAL
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Page 185 and 186: Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1): Hitc
Page 187 and 188: T-DM1 AND THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES ag
Page 189 and 190: TARGETING CD30 IN HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
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Page 195 and 196: Table 1. Response Rates in Expanded
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Page 199 and 200: that the core pathway is not comple
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Page 205 and 206: the anterior pituitary axis is invo
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Page 213 and 214: vanced solid tumors, even if they a
Page 215 and 216: Targeting Molecular Aberrations in
Page 217 and 218: date. With the advent of gene expre
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Page 221 and 222: ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF HEALTH CARE R
Page 223 and 224: HEALTH CARE REFORM AND ONCOLOGY dev
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INTERNATIONAL VARIATION IN UNDERSTA
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midcareer physician; in one cross-s
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Table 1. Recommendations for Person
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stances (e.g., stage of career, fam
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elationship” is also acknowledged
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Conclusion In more individualistic
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The Oncologist’s Duty to Provide
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an external observer, but to the pe
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MEDICAL ERRORS IN CANCER CARE: PREV
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DISCLOSING MEDICAL ERRORS Disclosur
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DISCLOSING MEDICAL ERRORS Author’
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PREVENTING MEDICAL ERRORS more diff
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“PERSONALIZED” ONCOLOGY FOR COL
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0.001), progression-free survival (
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mately 40% of patients with colorec
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Table 1. Tumor Marker Utility Gradi
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treatment (tx) for metastatic color
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The Interventional Radiologist Role
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effect. The most common drug that h
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gone forever, no further therapy is
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is irrelevant if it is already rese
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Resection and Thermal Ablation of L
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Author’s Disclosures of Potential
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Minimally Invasive Surgery of Recta
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outcomes; local, wound-site, and di
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Authors’ Disclosures of Potential
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CAO/ARO 04 study—which added oxal
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STAGE III COLON CANCER: WHAT WORKS,
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Table 1. Comparison of Fluoropyrimi
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tients with stages II and III color
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ized by high fruit, vegetable, poul
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Exercise Change trial: a randomized
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A New Direction for Pancreatic Canc
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Table 1. FOLFIRINOX versus Gemcitab
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The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)
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A Matter of Timing: Is There a Role
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an OS benefit with radiation therap
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a dose of 50.4 Gy to 59.4 Gy of rad
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more commonly given for APC, specia
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subcutaneous bolus or infusion. Hal
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patients are cared for completely w
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Varying Lymphadenectomies for Gastr
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Table 1. Regional Lymph Nodes of th
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Conclusion There are clear differen
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Will Disease Heterogeneity Help Def
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prematurely due to poor accrual. 18
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Adjuvant Treatments for Localized A
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ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR GASTRIC CANC
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LIVER-DIRECTED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
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ated with unique dose distributions
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HCC, with encouraging outcomes in e
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tion. Advanced computer-based image
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a 5-year survival rate of 70% follo
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THE MANAGEMENT OF LESS COMMON BUT C
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Fig 1. PubMed publications and clin
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of therapeutic options, patient sel
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less informative than the GRETCH an
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Table 3. New Agents/Regimens under
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combined with concurrent transarter
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to optimize the use of erlotinib by
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Optimal Use of Imaging to Guide Tre
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enhancement seen. Furthermore, the
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CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCE
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Fig. 1. FDA regulatory approvals in
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Prognostic, Predictive, and Surroga
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adhesion molecule and further chara
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and treatment options are expanding
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KIDNEY CANCER BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUT
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Prognostic Factors in Advanced RCC
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cell immunotherapy in which a small
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New Developments in Urothelial Canc
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Novel Approaches in Advanced Urothe
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10. Albers P, Park SI, Niegisch G,
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700 at a dose of 400 mg twice daily
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therapy for nonmetastatic prostate
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ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR OLDER PATIENTS
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Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Adjuvant
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with early-stage breast cancer were
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clinical trials to generate additio
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Adjuvant Treatment of Older Patient
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER Fig
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER adj
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Considerations and Controversies in
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER
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RECENT CLINICAL HIGHLIGHTS IN GYNEC
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GLOBAL ADVANCES IN GYNECOLOGIC ONCO
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GLOBAL ADVANCES IN GYNECOLOGIC ONCO
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The European Society of Gynaecologi
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ESGO EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH ACTIV
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UPFRONT TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER
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ANTIANGIOGENICS AND PARP INHIBITORS
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ANTIANGIOGENICS AND PARP INHIBITORS
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Intraperitoneal Treatment in Ovaria
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INTRAPERITONEAL TREATMENT IN OVARIA
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Dose-Dense Chemotherapy and Neoadju
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CHEMOTHERAPY FOR OVARIAN CANCER Fig
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CHEMOTHERAPY FOR OVARIAN CANCER whi
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UTERINE SARCOMA: CHALLENGING CASES
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HISTOLOGIC FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT
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SURGICAL OPTIONS FOR UTERINE SARCOM
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SURGICAL OPTIONS FOR UTERINE SARCOM
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PATIENTS WITH HPV-POSITIVE OROPHARY
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HPV-INDUCED OROPHARYNX CANCER analy
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HPV-INDUCED OROPHARYNX CANCER fract
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Important Early Advances in Squamou
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EARLY ADVANCES IN SCCHN Fig 1. Targ
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Application of Genomic and Proteomi
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GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES
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GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES
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TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCERS: NEW I
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EVALUATION OF ADVANCED THYROID CANC
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EVALUATION OF ADVANCED THYROID CANC
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Systemic Therapeutic Approaches to
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APPROACHES TO ADVANCED THYROID CANC
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AVOIDING OVERDIAGNOSIS AND OVERTREA
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Table 1. Prevalence of Prostate Can
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Table 3. Potential Risks and Benefi
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Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of
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een reached by other modeling effor
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east cancer community have FDA-appr
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COSTS OF CANCER CARE: AFFORDABILITY
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REDUCING THE COST OF CANCER CARE Fi
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REDUCING THE COST OF CANCER CARE Th
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REDUCING THE COST OF CANCER CARE de
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Why Hasn’t Genomic Testing Change
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tigators should develop prospective
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MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC L
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PREDICTIVE PARAMETERS IN CLL Table
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PREDICTIVE PARAMETERS IN CLL patien
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Transplant in Chronic Lymphocytic L
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WHEN TO OFFER TRANSPLANTATION IN CL
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WHEN TO OFFER TRANSPLANTATION IN CL
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NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN MYELOPROLIFERAT
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SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR MPN S
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SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR MPN L
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Insights into the Molecular Genetic
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GENETICS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOP
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Classification of Myeloproliferativ
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CLASSIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF MPN
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CLASSIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF MPN
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AROUND THE WORLD IN ALMOST 80 MINUT
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Fig. 1. Relat
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Fig. 3. Chara
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Author’s Di
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LUNG CANCER IN CHINA Fig 1. Chinese
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LUNG CANCER IN CHINA well equipped
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Research and Standard of Care: Lung
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LUNG CANCER IN ROMANIA ● Protecti
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LUNG CANCER IN ROMANIA reimbursemen
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A New Model: Physician-Patient Coll
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PHYSICIAN ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE PATI
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PHYSICIAN ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE PATI
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING 101 CHAIR Chr
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING The concern i
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING Fig. 1. Guide
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING Fig. 2. Guide
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING 19. Montes RP
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Molecular Testing of Non-Small Cell
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MOLECULAR TESTING AND NSCLC Fig 1.
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MOLECULAR TESTING AND NSCLC logic d
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THYMOMA AND THYMIC CARCINOMA: UPDAT
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MANAGEMENT OF THYMIC CARCINOMA recu
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MANAGEMENT OF THYMIC CARCINOMA Refe
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The Creation of the International T
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ITMIG AS A MODEL FOR RARE DISEASES
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Thymoma: From Chemotherapy to Targe
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SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF THYMOMA Study
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SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF THYMOMA cance
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What Is the Best Strategy for Incor
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA Fi
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA me
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA ou
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TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INDOLENT LYMPH
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA T
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA T
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA e
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CONTROVERSIES IN MYELOMA: INDUCTION
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA Alterna
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA compare
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA autolog
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY K
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY F
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY T
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Maintenance Therapy for Myeloma: Ho
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MAINTENANCE THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE MY
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NEW OPTIONS, NEW QUESTIONS: HOW TO
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THERAPIES FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTA
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ANTIEMETICS: CURRENT STANDARDS, EME
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ANTIEMETICS: ASCO GUIDELINE UPDATE
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vom
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INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CHEMOTH
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New Frontiers in Mucositis By Dougl
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MUCOSAL INJURY CAUSED BY CANCER THE
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Short- and Long-term Cardiovascular
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Recent Advances in Cardiotoxicity o
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CARDIOTOXICITY OF ANTICANCER THERAP
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CARDIOTOXICITY OF ANTICANCER THERAP
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The Oncologist as the Patient with
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THE ONCOLOGIST AS THE PATIENT OR RE
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Prolonged Febrile Neutropenia in th
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FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA IN PEDIATRIC CA
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FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA IN PEDIATRIC CA
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TREATMENT APPROACHES IN CHILDREN wh
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TREATMENT APPROACHES IN CHILDREN th
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GENETIC COUNSELING OF THE PATIENT W
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CANCER PREDISPOSITION IN CHILDHOOD
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HOW TO MANAGE VERY RARE PEDIATRIC C
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RARE CANCER IN CHILDREN Registries
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Genetic Alterations in Childhood Me
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GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CHILDHOOD ME
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Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis in Childr
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CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DESMOID TUMOR Tabl
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CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DESMOID TUMOR 14.
Page 693 and 694:
Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth F
Page 695 and 696:
TARGETING THE IGF SYSTEM Fig. 1. Th
Page 697 and 698:
TARGETING THE IGF SYSTEM malignanci
Page 699 and 700:
Hedgehog Pathway in Pediatric Cance
Page 701 and 702:
HEDGEHOG PATHWAY IN PEDIATRIC CANCE
Page 703 and 704:
HEDGEHOG PATHWAY IN PEDIATRIC CANCE
Page 705 and 706:
Development and Refinement of Augme
Page 707 and 708:
ABFM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC ALL than
Page 709 and 710:
ABFM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC ALL Auth
Page 711 and 712:
RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC HODGKIN
Page 713 and 714:
RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC HODGKIN
Page 715 and 716:
Role of Doxorubicin in Rhabdomyosar
Page 717 and 718:
DOXORUBICIN IN RHABDOMYOSARCOMA 8.
Page 719 and 720:
Identification of Novel Biologic Ta
Page 721 and 722:
NOVEL TARGETS IN THE TREATMENT OF D
Page 723 and 724:
Is Biopsy Safe in Children with New
Page 725 and 726:
SAFETY OF DIPG BIOPSY IN CHILDREN F
Page 727 and 728:
SAFETY OF DIPG BIOPSY IN CHILDREN 1
Page 729 and 730:
CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PON
Page 731 and 732:
Communication and Decision Support
Page 733 and 734:
COMMUNICATION AND DECISION SUPPORT
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
Page 739 and 740:
Planning for the Future: The Role o
Page 741 and 742:
present in the office suite but doe
Page 743 and 744:
Summary and Care Plan are provided.
Page 745 and 746:
DOING IT RIGHT, AND FOR LESS: IMPLE
Page 747 and 748:
CLINICAL PATHWAYS STANDARDIZING PER
Page 749 and 750:
CLINICAL PATHWAYS STANDARDIZING PER
Page 751 and 752:
The Future of Oncology Care with Pe
Page 753 and 754:
quantity. Determining the appropria
Page 755 and 756:
THE ASCO QUALITY ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
Page 757 and 758:
IMPROVING VALUE OF CARE IN ONCOLOGY
Page 759 and 760:
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
PHYSICIAN WELLNESS: COPING WITH REP
Page 765 and 766:
also provides insight on how clinic
Page 767 and 768:
good resource for exploring the pri
Page 769 and 770:
of death or following death and inc
Page 771 and 772:
telephone call to the family, sendi
Page 773 and 774:
New Insights in Cross-Cultural Comm
Page 775 and 776:
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Sideba
Page 777 and 778:
THE ONCOLOGIST, THE PATIENT, AND TH
Page 779 and 780:
estimate of the proportion of their
Page 781 and 782:
exactly the same treatment, even th
Page 783 and 784:
How to Decide Whether to Offer and
Page 785 and 786:
NONSTANDARD THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED
Page 787 and 788:
NONSTANDARD THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED
Page 789 and 790:
TARGETED THERAPIES IN TARGETED OR U
Page 791 and 792:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA rates a
Page 793 and 794:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA seen in
Page 795 and 796:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA recepto
Page 797 and 798:
Adjuvant Treatment of Gastrointesti
Page 799 and 800:
ADJUVANT THERAPY IN HIGH-RISK GASTR
Page 801 and 802:
Management of Tyrosine Kinase Inhib
Page 803 and 804:
TKI-RESISTANT GIST Primary Imatinib
Page 805 and 806:
TKI-RESISTANT GIST Table 2. Clinica
Page 807 and 808:
BIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES OF TARGETED COM
Page 809 and 810:
COMBINING TARGETED AGENTS IN CLINIC
Page 811 and 812:
COMBINING TARGETED AGENTS IN CLINIC
Page 813 and 814:
Combination Therapies Building on t
Page 815 and 816:
COMBINATIONS FOR MELANOMA agents th
Page 817 and 818:
MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO TARGETE
Page 819 and 820:
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO MAPK INHIB
Page 821 and 822:
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO MAPK INHIB
Page 823 and 824:
Mechanisms of Resistance to Targete
Page 825 and 826:
RESISTANCE TO TARGETED THERAPIES IN
Page 827 and 828:
RESISTANCE TO TARGETED THERAPIES IN
Page 829 and 830:
Translating PI3K-Delta Inhibitors t
Page 831 and 832:
THE STORY OF CAL-101 6% of patients
Page 833 and 834:
PI3 Kinase in Cancer: From Biology
Page 835 and 836:
PI3 KINASE IN CANCER Fig. 1. The PI
Page 837 and 838:
PI3 KINASE IN CANCER Fig. 3. In viv
Page 840:
This publication is supported by an
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2012 EDUCATIONAL BOOK - American Society of Clinical Oncology

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