2012 EDUCATIONAL BOOK - American Society of Clinical Oncology

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OVERDIAGNOSIS AND OVERTREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER 9. Abdollah F, Scattoni V, Raber M, et al. The role of transrectal saturation biopsy in tumour localization: pathological correlation after retropubic radical prostatectomy and implication for focal ablative therapy. BJU Int. 2011;108: 366-371. 10. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2012. CA: Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:10-29. 11. National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1975-2008. Lifetime Risk (Percent) of Dying from Cancer by Site and Race/Ethnicity: Males, Total US, 2006-2008 (Table 1.18) and Females, Total US, 2006-2008 (Table 1.19). http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2008/results_merged/topic_life time_risk_death.pdf. Accessed on December 8, 2011. 12. Whitmore WF Jr, Warner JA, Thompson IM Jr. Expectant management of localized prostatic cancer. Cancer. 1991;67:1091-1096. 13. Klotz L, Zhang L, Lam A, et al. Clinical results of long-term follow-up of a large, active surveillance cohort with localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:126-131. 14. Cooperberg MR, Broering JM, Carroll PR. Time trends and local variation in primary treatment of localized prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:1117-1123. 15. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1192-1202. 16. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349: 215-224. 17. Thompson IM, Chi C, Ankerst DP, et al. Effect of finasteride on the sensitivity of PSA for detecting prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98: 1128-1133. 18. Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, et al. Finasteride improves the sensitivity of digital rectal examination for prostate cancer detection. J Urol. 2007;177:1749-1752. 19. Lucia MS, Epstein JI, Goodman PJ, et al. Finasteride and high-grade prostate cancer in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007;99:1375-83. 20. Lu-Yao GL, Albertsen PC, Moore DF et al. Outcomes of localized prostate cancer following conservative management. JAMA. 2009;302:1202- 1209. 21. Thompson IM, Ankerst DP, Chi C, et al. Assessing prostate cancer risk: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98:529-534. 22. Parekh DJ, Ankerst DP, Higgins BA, et al. External validation of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial risk calculator in a screened population. Urology. 2006;68:1152-1155. 23. Eyre SJ, Ankerst DP, Wei JT, et al. Validation in a multiple urology practice cohort of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial calculator for predicting prostate cancer detection. J Urol. 2009;182:2653-2658. e39
Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment of Breast Cancer By Michael Alvarado, MD, Elissa Ozanne, PhD, and Laura Esserman, MD, MBA Overview: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Through greater awareness, mammographic screening, and aggressive biopsy of calcifications, the proportion of low-grade, early stage cancers and in situ lesions among all breast cancers has risen substantially. The introduction of molecular testing has increased the recognition of lower risk subtypes, and less aggressive treatments are more commonly recommended for these subtypes. Mammographically detected breast cancers are much more likely to have lowrisk biology than symptomatic tumors found between screenings (interval cancers) or that present as clinical masses. Recognizing the lower risk associated with these lesions and the ability to confirm the risk with molecular tests should safely enable the use of less aggressive treatments. Importantly, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions, or what have been called stage I cancers, in and of themselves are BREAST CANCER incidence has changed substantially over the past 25 years. The risk has gone from one in 12 to one in eight women being diagnosed in their lifetimes. In contrast, the absolute risk of dying of breast cancer has remained somewhat the same. As a proportion of the women in whom breast cancer is diagnosed, mortality has gone down considerably. But in absolute terms, the number of women who die each year has changed less. In the late 1980s, the number of women dying ranged from 45,000–50,000. Today, we expect about 42,000 women to die annually. The biology of the mammographically detected disease appears to have changed, particularly among postmenopausal women. In a retrospective study in which nodenegative tumors diagnosed in Europe in the era before the advent of mammography (1980–1991) were compared with those detected during the era when screening was prevalent (2004–2006), the chance of low-risk biology did not change for women younger than age 40 but changed substantially for those age 49–60. 1 Using a 70-gene signature, 25% to 30% of women younger than 40 were diagnosed with low-risk disease, regardless of the time period in which they were diagnosed. In contrast, among women 49–60, 40% were diagnosed with low-risk disease before screening, but 58% were diagnosed as having low-risk disease during the later time period. Of the women with mammographically detected tumors, 67% were classified as having low risk by the 70-gene signature. A number of factors are likely to contribute to the differences in the cancers found today. Screening is clearly one factor that enables the identification of small tumors; greater awareness is another. Hormone-replacement therapy also contributed to the greater chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer, although with the publication of the Women’s Health Study in 2002, the widely publicized finding that combined estrogen and progesterone increased breast cancer incidence resulted in the plummeting of the number of prescriptions for hormone-replacement therapy, accompanied by a rapid decline in incidence. 2 e40 not life-threatening. In situ lesions have been treated in a manner similar to that of invasive cancer, but there is little evidence to support that this practice has improved mortality. It is also being recognized that DCIS lesions are heterogeneous, and a substantial proportion of them may in fact be precursors of more indolent invasive cancers. Increasing evidence suggests that these lesions are being overtreated. The introduction of molecular tests should be able to help usher in a change in approach to these lesions. Reclassifying these lesions as part of the spectrum of highrisk lesions enables the use of a prevention approach. Learning from the experience with active surveillance in prostate cancer should empower the introduction of new approaches, with a focus on preventing invasive cancer, especially given that there are effective, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved breast cancer preventive interventions. What Is the Evidence that Breast Cancer May Be Overdiagnosed or Overtreated? From 1980 to the present, the incidence of breast cancer has risen substantially. 3 Much like prostate cancer, the proportion of early-stage disease accounts for the bulk of the increase in incidence, whereas the rates of locally advanced cancers have not changed considerably. Screening is likely to be a contributor to this phenomenon (Fig. 1). Interestingly, we are also seeing a change in the likelihood of local recurrence after breast cancer treatment. Among women with node-negative tumors who were randomly assigned to radiation therapy or no radiation therapy after quadrantectomy, the local recurrence rate was 10% for women with mammographically detected tumors in the group who did not receive radiation. 4 Over the past decade, the recurrence rate for postmenopausal women who receive radiation therapy has dropped substantially, to the 1% to 2% range. 5,6 It is likely that low-risk tumors are contributing to the drop in local recurrence rates reported in many trials. In the recent update of the Canadian trial of women treated with hormone therapy and randomly assigned to radiation therapy or no radiation therapy, the recurrence risk was 2% for women with luminal A tumors, even in the absence of radiation. 7 We are clearly detecting more low-risk disease. Some argue that screening has led to the detection of tumors that would never have come to clinical attention. 8 Observational evidence has shown that screening mammography is associated with increases in the incidence of breast cancer for women of screening age but does not appear to contribute to any decrease in the incidence of breast cancer among older women after sustained screening for specific time periods. 9 From the Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco. Authors’ disclosures of potential conflicts of interest are found at the end of this article. Address reprint requests to Laura Esserman, MD, University of California, San Francisco, Department of Surgery, 1600 Divisadero St., 2nd Floor, Box 1710, San Francisco, CA 94115; email: laura.esserman@ucfsmedctr.org. © 2012 by American Society of Clinical Oncology. 1092-9118/10/1-10
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AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLO
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American Society of Clinical Oncolo
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American Society of Clinical Oncolo
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New Looks and Challenges for Cooper
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Genitourinary Cancer Best Use of Im
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Research and Standard of Care: Lung
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Practice Management and Information
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2012 ASCO Annual Meeting Disclosure
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Matti S. Aapro, MD Clinique De Geno
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Hedy Lee Kindler, MD The University
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Douglas E. Wood, MD University of W
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Mary Lou Smith, JD, MBA Research Ad
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ASCO and Conquer Cancer Foundation
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Letter from the Editor The theme of
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Adjuvant Therapy for Older Women wi
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TREATMENT FOR OLDER WOMEN WITH BREA
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS the
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS Tab
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS Tab
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS 93.
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MANAGEMENT OF T1 BREAST CANCERS 1 c
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY reductio
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY which ra
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ADJUVANT ENDOCRINE THERAPY assay is
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A DICKENS TALE OF THE TREATMENT OF
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TREATMENT OF ADVANCED BREAST CANCER
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A FRESH LOOK AT DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN
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DCIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND UNCHARTED W
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DCIS: OPPORTUNITIES AND UNCHARTED W
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Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, and the I
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DCIS AND INFLUENCE OF RISK FACTORS
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KEY QUESTIONS IN THE LOCO-REGIONAL
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POSTMASTECTOMY RADIATION AND PARTIA
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The Appropriate Extent of Surgery f
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SURGERY FOR EARLY-STAGE BREAST CANC
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BIOLOGY AND LOCAL THERAPY DECISIONS
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Clinical and Imaging Surveillance F
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SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING BREAST CANCE
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SURVEILLANCE FOLLOWING BREAST CANCE
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Advanced Imaging Techniques for the
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IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR BREAST CANCE
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IMAGING TECHNIQUES FOR BREAST CANCE
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Update of the Oxford Overview: New
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UPDATE OF THE OXFORD OVERVIEW Fig.
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UPDATE OF THE OXFORD OVERVIEW Overv
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Gene Patents and Personalized Medic
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GENE PATENTS AND EFFECTS ON PERSONA
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Chemoprevention for Breast Cancer:
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CHEMOPREVENTION FOR BREAST CANCER T
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CHEMOPREVENTION FOR BREAST CANCER C
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CONTROVERSIES IN PROSTATE CANCER: P
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PROSTATE CANCER RISK REDUCTION men
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PROSTATE CANCER RISK REDUCTION Auth
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PSA SCREENING: HARMS WITHOUT CLEAR
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PSA SCREENING: HARMS WITHOUT CLEAR
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GLIOBLASTOMA: TAKING THE STANDARD O
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GLIOBLASTOMA: BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN GBM THERAPY pr
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN GBM THERAPY Ch
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ESTABLISHING TREATMENTS FOR GLIOBLA
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Current Concepts in Brain Tumor Ima
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CONCEPTS IN BRAIN TUMOR IMAGING tum
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CONCEPTS IN BRAIN TUMOR IMAGING Aut
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PERSPECTIVES ON HEADLINE-MAKING NEW
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TTF THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA Fig. 1.
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TTF THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA istics.
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TTF THERAPY IN GLIOBLASTOMA because
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Limitations of Adaptive Clinical Tr
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LIMITATIONS OF ADAPTIVE CLINICAL TR
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LIMITATIONS OF ADAPTIVE CLINICAL TR
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Capturing the Patient Perspective:
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PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AS TRIAL
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PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES AS TRIAL
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NEW LOOKS AND CHALLENGES FOR COOPER
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NCI NATIONAL CLINICAL TRIALS NETWOR
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Successful Integration of Cooperati
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COG: GIVING NEW MEANING TO COOPERAT
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A Critical Review of the Enrollment
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BLACK PATIENTS AND CANCER CLINICAL
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BLACK PATIENTS AND CANCER CLINICAL
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Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1): Hitc
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T-DM1 AND THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODIES ag
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TARGETING CD30 IN HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
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TARGETING CD30 IN HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
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EARLY DRUG DEVELOPMENT: CASTING A W
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Table 1. Response Rates in Expanded
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Drug Development in the Era of Pers
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that the core pathway is not comple
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This situation is not surprising, g
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Practical Management of Immune-Rela
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the anterior pituitary axis is invo
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TARGETING CRITICAL MOLECULAR ABERRA
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Abl suppression; and 3) the early e
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50% 50% 100% Change in Tumor Size m
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vanced solid tumors, even if they a
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Targeting Molecular Aberrations in
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date. With the advent of gene expre
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consortium to facilitate the testin
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ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF HEALTH CARE R
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HEALTH CARE REFORM AND ONCOLOGY dev
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HEALTH CARE REFORM AND ONCOLOGY aut
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INTERNATIONAL VARIATION IN UNDERSTA
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midcareer physician; in one cross-s
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Table 1. Recommendations for Person
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stances (e.g., stage of career, fam
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elationship” is also acknowledged
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Conclusion In more individualistic
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The Oncologist’s Duty to Provide
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an external observer, but to the pe
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MEDICAL ERRORS IN CANCER CARE: PREV
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DISCLOSING MEDICAL ERRORS Disclosur
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DISCLOSING MEDICAL ERRORS Author’
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PREVENTING MEDICAL ERRORS more diff
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“PERSONALIZED” ONCOLOGY FOR COL
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0.001), progression-free survival (
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mately 40% of patients with colorec
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Table 1. Tumor Marker Utility Gradi
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treatment (tx) for metastatic color
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The Interventional Radiologist Role
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effect. The most common drug that h
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gone forever, no further therapy is
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is irrelevant if it is already rese
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Resection and Thermal Ablation of L
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Author’s Disclosures of Potential
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Minimally Invasive Surgery of Recta
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outcomes; local, wound-site, and di
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Authors’ Disclosures of Potential
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CAO/ARO 04 study—which added oxal
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STAGE III COLON CANCER: WHAT WORKS,
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Table 1. Comparison of Fluoropyrimi
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tients with stages II and III color
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ized by high fruit, vegetable, poul
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Exercise Change trial: a randomized
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A New Direction for Pancreatic Canc
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Table 1. FOLFIRINOX versus Gemcitab
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The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)
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A Matter of Timing: Is There a Role
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an OS benefit with radiation therap
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a dose of 50.4 Gy to 59.4 Gy of rad
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more commonly given for APC, specia
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subcutaneous bolus or infusion. Hal
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patients are cared for completely w
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Varying Lymphadenectomies for Gastr
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Table 1. Regional Lymph Nodes of th
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Conclusion There are clear differen
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Will Disease Heterogeneity Help Def
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prematurely due to poor accrual. 18
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Adjuvant Treatments for Localized A
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ADJUVANT TREATMENT FOR GASTRIC CANC
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LIVER-DIRECTED THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
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ated with unique dose distributions
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HCC, with encouraging outcomes in e
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tion. Advanced computer-based image
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a 5-year survival rate of 70% follo
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THE MANAGEMENT OF LESS COMMON BUT C
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Fig 1. PubMed publications and clin
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of therapeutic options, patient sel
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less informative than the GRETCH an
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Table 3. New Agents/Regimens under
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combined with concurrent transarter
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to optimize the use of erlotinib by
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Optimal Use of Imaging to Guide Tre
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enhancement seen. Furthermore, the
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CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCE
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Fig. 1. FDA regulatory approvals in
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Prognostic, Predictive, and Surroga
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adhesion molecule and further chara
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and treatment options are expanding
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KIDNEY CANCER BIOLOGY AND THERAPEUT
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Prognostic Factors in Advanced RCC
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cell immunotherapy in which a small
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New Developments in Urothelial Canc
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Novel Approaches in Advanced Urothe
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10. Albers P, Park SI, Niegisch G,
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700 at a dose of 400 mg twice daily
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therapy for nonmetastatic prostate
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ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR OLDER PATIENTS
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Adjuvant Systemic Therapy Adjuvant
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with early-stage breast cancer were
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clinical trials to generate additio
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Adjuvant Treatment of Older Patient
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER Fig
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER adj
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Considerations and Controversies in
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER
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RECENT CLINICAL HIGHLIGHTS IN GYNEC
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GLOBAL ADVANCES IN GYNECOLOGIC ONCO
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GLOBAL ADVANCES IN GYNECOLOGIC ONCO
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The European Society of Gynaecologi
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ESGO EDUCATIONAL AND RESEARCH ACTIV
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UPFRONT TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER
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ANTIANGIOGENICS AND PARP INHIBITORS
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ANTIANGIOGENICS AND PARP INHIBITORS
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Intraperitoneal Treatment in Ovaria
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Page 419 and 420: Dose-Dense Chemotherapy and Neoadju
Page 421 and 422: CHEMOTHERAPY FOR OVARIAN CANCER Fig
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Page 425 and 426: UTERINE SARCOMA: CHALLENGING CASES
Page 427 and 428: HISTOLOGIC FEATURES AND MANAGEMENT
Page 433 and 434: SURGICAL OPTIONS FOR UTERINE SARCOM
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Page 437 and 438: PATIENTS WITH HPV-POSITIVE OROPHARY
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Page 443 and 444: Important Early Advances in Squamou
Page 445 and 446: EARLY ADVANCES IN SCCHN Fig 1. Targ
Page 447 and 448: Application of Genomic and Proteomi
Page 449 and 450: GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES
Page 451 and 452: GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC TECHNOLOGIES
Page 453 and 454: TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCERS: NEW I
Page 455 and 456: EVALUATION OF ADVANCED THYROID CANC
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Page 459 and 460: Systemic Therapeutic Approaches to
Page 461 and 462: APPROACHES TO ADVANCED THYROID CANC
Page 463 and 464: AVOIDING OVERDIAGNOSIS AND OVERTREA
Page 465 and 466: Table 1. Prevalence of Prostate Can
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Page 475 and 476: COSTS OF CANCER CARE: AFFORDABILITY
Page 477 and 478: REDUCING THE COST OF CANCER CARE Fi
Page 479 and 480: REDUCING THE COST OF CANCER CARE Th
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Page 483 and 484: Why Hasn’t Genomic Testing Change
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Page 487 and 488: MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC L
Page 489 and 490: PREDICTIVE PARAMETERS IN CLL Table
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Page 493 and 494: Transplant in Chronic Lymphocytic L
Page 495 and 496: WHEN TO OFFER TRANSPLANTATION IN CL
Page 497 and 498: WHEN TO OFFER TRANSPLANTATION IN CL
Page 499 and 500: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN MYELOPROLIFERAT
Page 501 and 502: SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR MPN S
Page 503 and 504: SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS FOR MPN L
Page 505 and 506: Insights into the Molecular Genetic
Page 507 and 508: GENETICS OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOP
Page 513 and 514: Classification of Myeloproliferativ
Page 515 and 516: CLASSIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF MPN
Page 517 and 518: CLASSIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS OF MPN
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AROUND THE WORLD IN ALMOST 80 MINUT
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Fig. 1. Relat
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Fig. 3. Chara
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LUNG CANCER IN BRAZIL Author’s Di
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LUNG CANCER IN CHINA Fig 1. Chinese
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LUNG CANCER IN CHINA well equipped
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Research and Standard of Care: Lung
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LUNG CANCER IN ROMANIA ● Protecti
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LUNG CANCER IN ROMANIA reimbursemen
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A New Model: Physician-Patient Coll
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PHYSICIAN ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE PATI
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PHYSICIAN ENGAGEMENT IN ONLINE PATI
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING 101 CHAIR Chr
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING The concern i
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING Fig. 1. Guide
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING Fig. 2. Guide
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LUNG CANCER SCREENING 19. Montes RP
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Molecular Testing of Non-Small Cell
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MOLECULAR TESTING AND NSCLC Fig 1.
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MOLECULAR TESTING AND NSCLC logic d
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THYMOMA AND THYMIC CARCINOMA: UPDAT
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MANAGEMENT OF THYMIC CARCINOMA recu
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MANAGEMENT OF THYMIC CARCINOMA Refe
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The Creation of the International T
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ITMIG AS A MODEL FOR RARE DISEASES
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Thymoma: From Chemotherapy to Targe
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SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF THYMOMA Study
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SYSTEMIC TREATMENT OF THYMOMA cance
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What Is the Best Strategy for Incor
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA Fi
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA me
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TREATMENT OF FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA ou
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TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INDOLENT LYMPH
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA T
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA T
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ROLE OF HCT FOR INDOLENT LYMPHOMA e
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CONTROVERSIES IN MYELOMA: INDUCTION
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA Alterna
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA compare
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TRANSPLANTATION FOR MYELOMA autolog
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY K
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY F
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CURRENT STATUS OF MYELOMA THERAPY T
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Maintenance Therapy for Myeloma: Ho
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MAINTENANCE THERAPY FOR MULTIPLE MY
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NEW OPTIONS, NEW QUESTIONS: HOW TO
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THERAPIES FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTA
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ANTIEMETICS: CURRENT STANDARDS, EME
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ANTIEMETICS: ASCO GUIDELINE UPDATE
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vom
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INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF CHEMOTH
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New Frontiers in Mucositis By Dougl
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MUCOSAL INJURY CAUSED BY CANCER THE
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Short- and Long-term Cardiovascular
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Recent Advances in Cardiotoxicity o
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CARDIOTOXICITY OF ANTICANCER THERAP
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CARDIOTOXICITY OF ANTICANCER THERAP
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The Oncologist as the Patient with
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THE ONCOLOGIST AS THE PATIENT OR RE
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Prolonged Febrile Neutropenia in th
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FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA IN PEDIATRIC CA
Page 663 and 664:
FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA IN PEDIATRIC CA
Page 665 and 666:
TREATMENT APPROACHES IN CHILDREN wh
Page 667 and 668:
TREATMENT APPROACHES IN CHILDREN th
Page 669 and 670:
GENETIC COUNSELING OF THE PATIENT W
Page 671 and 672:
CANCER PREDISPOSITION IN CHILDHOOD
Page 673 and 674:
Page 675 and 676:
Page 677 and 678:
Page 679 and 680:
HOW TO MANAGE VERY RARE PEDIATRIC C
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RARE CANCER IN CHILDREN Registries
Page 683 and 684:
Genetic Alterations in Childhood Me
Page 685 and 686:
GENETIC ALTERATIONS IN CHILDHOOD ME
Page 687 and 688:
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis in Childr
Page 689 and 690:
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DESMOID TUMOR Tabl
Page 691 and 692:
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR DESMOID TUMOR 14.
Page 693 and 694:
Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth F
Page 695 and 696:
TARGETING THE IGF SYSTEM Fig. 1. Th
Page 697 and 698:
TARGETING THE IGF SYSTEM malignanci
Page 699 and 700:
Hedgehog Pathway in Pediatric Cance
Page 701 and 702:
HEDGEHOG PATHWAY IN PEDIATRIC CANCE
Page 703 and 704:
HEDGEHOG PATHWAY IN PEDIATRIC CANCE
Page 705 and 706:
Development and Refinement of Augme
Page 707 and 708:
ABFM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC ALL than
Page 709 and 710:
ABFM THERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC ALL Auth
Page 711 and 712:
RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC HODGKIN
Page 713 and 714:
RADIOTHERAPY FOR PEDIATRIC HODGKIN
Page 715 and 716:
Role of Doxorubicin in Rhabdomyosar
Page 717 and 718:
DOXORUBICIN IN RHABDOMYOSARCOMA 8.
Page 719 and 720:
Identification of Novel Biologic Ta
Page 721 and 722:
NOVEL TARGETS IN THE TREATMENT OF D
Page 723 and 724:
Is Biopsy Safe in Children with New
Page 725 and 726:
SAFETY OF DIPG BIOPSY IN CHILDREN F
Page 727 and 728:
SAFETY OF DIPG BIOPSY IN CHILDREN 1
Page 729 and 730:
CHILDREN WITH DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PON
Page 731 and 732:
Communication and Decision Support
Page 733 and 734:
COMMUNICATION AND DECISION SUPPORT
Page 735 and 736:
Page 737 and 738:
Page 739 and 740:
Planning for the Future: The Role o
Page 741 and 742:
present in the office suite but doe
Page 743 and 744:
Summary and Care Plan are provided.
Page 745 and 746:
DOING IT RIGHT, AND FOR LESS: IMPLE
Page 747 and 748:
CLINICAL PATHWAYS STANDARDIZING PER
Page 749 and 750:
CLINICAL PATHWAYS STANDARDIZING PER
Page 751 and 752:
The Future of Oncology Care with Pe
Page 753 and 754:
quantity. Determining the appropria
Page 755 and 756:
THE ASCO QUALITY ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
Page 757 and 758:
IMPROVING VALUE OF CARE IN ONCOLOGY
Page 759 and 760:
Page 761 and 762:
Page 763 and 764:
PHYSICIAN WELLNESS: COPING WITH REP
Page 765 and 766:
also provides insight on how clinic
Page 767 and 768:
good resource for exploring the pri
Page 769 and 770:
of death or following death and inc
Page 771 and 772:
telephone call to the family, sendi
Page 773 and 774:
New Insights in Cross-Cultural Comm
Page 775 and 776:
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Sideba
Page 777 and 778:
THE ONCOLOGIST, THE PATIENT, AND TH
Page 779 and 780:
estimate of the proportion of their
Page 781 and 782:
exactly the same treatment, even th
Page 783 and 784:
How to Decide Whether to Offer and
Page 785 and 786:
NONSTANDARD THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED
Page 787 and 788:
NONSTANDARD THERAPIES FOR ADVANCED
Page 789 and 790:
TARGETED THERAPIES IN TARGETED OR U
Page 791 and 792:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA rates a
Page 793 and 794:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA seen in
Page 795 and 796:
TARGETED THERAPY IN SARCOMA recepto
Page 797 and 798:
Adjuvant Treatment of Gastrointesti
Page 799 and 800:
ADJUVANT THERAPY IN HIGH-RISK GASTR
Page 801 and 802:
Management of Tyrosine Kinase Inhib
Page 803 and 804:
TKI-RESISTANT GIST Primary Imatinib
Page 805 and 806:
TKI-RESISTANT GIST Table 2. Clinica
Page 807 and 808:
BIOLOGIC PRINCIPLES OF TARGETED COM
Page 809 and 810:
COMBINING TARGETED AGENTS IN CLINIC
Page 811 and 812:
COMBINING TARGETED AGENTS IN CLINIC
Page 813 and 814:
Combination Therapies Building on t
Page 815 and 816:
COMBINATIONS FOR MELANOMA agents th
Page 817 and 818:
MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO TARGETE
Page 819 and 820:
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO MAPK INHIB
Page 821 and 822:
RESISTANCE MECHANISMS TO MAPK INHIB
Page 823 and 824:
Mechanisms of Resistance to Targete
Page 825 and 826:
RESISTANCE TO TARGETED THERAPIES IN
Page 827 and 828:
RESISTANCE TO TARGETED THERAPIES IN
Page 829 and 830:
Translating PI3K-Delta Inhibitors t
Page 831 and 832:
THE STORY OF CAL-101 6% of patients
Page 833 and 834:
PI3 Kinase in Cancer: From Biology
Page 835 and 836:
PI3 KINASE IN CANCER Fig. 1. The PI
Page 837 and 838:
PI3 KINASE IN CANCER Fig. 3. In viv
Page 840:
This publication is supported by an
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2012 EDUCATIONAL BOOK - American Society of Clinical Oncology

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