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2012 EDUCATIONAL BOOK - American Society of Clinical Oncology

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DOCTOR’S DUTY TO PROVIDE<br />

The value <strong>of</strong> studying hope in oncology and palliative care<br />

is to understand the role it plays in psychologic health, in<br />

making decisions about treatment, and in establishing goals<br />

<strong>of</strong> care. 20<br />

Talking about death and hope from the day <strong>of</strong> diagnosis<br />

means that when the disease has run its course, the discussion<br />

will be the continuation <strong>of</strong> a conversation, not a spinechilling<br />

revelation. The responsibility for presenting medical<br />

information in a way that enables the patient to balance<br />

acceptance against hope lies with the treating oncologist.<br />

Author’s Disclosures <strong>of</strong> Potential Conflicts <strong>of</strong> Interest<br />

Author<br />

Simon Wein*<br />

*No relevant relationships to disclose.<br />

Employment or<br />

Leadership<br />

Positions<br />

Consultant or<br />

Advisory Role<br />

1. Snyder L. <strong>American</strong> College <strong>of</strong> Physicians Ethics Manual, 6 th ed. Ann<br />

Intern Med. <strong>2012</strong>;156:73-104.<br />

2. Pellegrino ED. Pr<strong>of</strong>essionalism, Pr<strong>of</strong>ession and the Virtues <strong>of</strong> the Good<br />

Physician. Mt Sinai J Med. 2002;69:378-384.<br />

3. Braga S. Why do our patients get chemotherapy until the end <strong>of</strong> life?<br />

Annal Oncol. 2011;22:2345-2348.<br />

4. Dufault K, Martocchio BC. Hope: Its spheres and dimensions. Nurs Clin<br />

North Am. 1985;20:379-391.<br />

5. Menninger K. The Academic Lecture: Hope. Am J Psychiatry. 1959;116:<br />

481-491.<br />

6. Nekolaichuk CL, Bruera E. On the nature <strong>of</strong> hope in palliative care.<br />

J Palliat Care. 1998;14:36-42.<br />

7. Daneault S, Dion D, Sicotte C, et al. Hope and noncurative chemotherapies:<br />

Which affects the other? J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:2310-2313.<br />

8. Helft PR. Necessary collusion: Prognostic communication with advanced<br />

cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:3146-3150.<br />

9. Gum A, Snyder CR. Coping with terminal illness: The role <strong>of</strong> hopeful<br />

thinking. J Palliat Med. 2002;5:883-894.<br />

10. Wikipedia. Pandora. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora. Accessed<br />

January 31, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />

However, the oncologist is not obligated to prescribe hope<br />

and the oncologist can do better than collude or be disingenuous<br />

to reinforce hope.<br />

There are other values in life—family, work, hobbies,<br />

dignity, achievements—that the oncologist can explore a<br />

little at each visit. Discussion about these values may (or<br />

may not) enable acceptance <strong>of</strong> death. However, as Breitbart<br />

noted, “The paradox <strong>of</strong> the end <strong>of</strong> life dynamic is that<br />

through acceptance <strong>of</strong> the life one has lived comes acceptance<br />

<strong>of</strong> death.” 21<br />

Stock<br />

Ownership Honoraria<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Research<br />

Funding<br />

Expert<br />

Testimony<br />

Other<br />

Remuneration<br />

11. Hollingdale RJ (ed). The Nietzsche Reader. London: Penguin Classics,<br />

1977;277.<br />

12. Boris HN. On hope: Its nature and psychotherapy. Int R Psycho-Anal.<br />

1976;3:139-150.<br />

13. Husebo S. Is there hope, doctor? J Palliat Care. 1988;14:43-48.<br />

14. Kertesz I. Nobel Lecture, Nobel Prize in Literature 2002. http://<br />

www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-lecture-e.<br />

html. Accessed January 12, <strong>2012</strong>.<br />

15. Von Roenn JH, von Gunten CF. Setting goals to maintain hope. J Clin<br />

Oncol. 2003;21:570-574.<br />

16. Clayton J, Hancock K, Parker S, et al. Sustaining hope when communicating<br />

with terminally ill patients and their families: A systematic review.<br />

Psychooncology. 2008;17:641-659.<br />

17. Gravlee GS. Aristotle on Hope. J Hist Philos. 2000;38:461-477.<br />

18. Huxley A. Brave New World. New York: Perennial Classics, 1998.<br />

19. Roy D. Dying with dignity. J Palliat Care. 1986;2:3-4.<br />

20. Wein S. Hope: Concerning structure and function. Palliat Support<br />

Care. 2004;2:229-230.<br />

21. Breitbart W. Thoughts on the goals <strong>of</strong> psychosocial palliative care.<br />

Palliat Support Care. 2008;6:211-212.<br />

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