Elementary New Testament Greek, 2014a

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7: Pronouns 7: Pronouns Easing the Flow between Sentences (or clauses) By now we’ve studied seven (of the ten) parts of speech: verbs, nouns, articles, adverbs, interjections, adjectives and prepositions. Now we add an eighth: the pronoun. Simply put, pronouns stand in the place of nouns. In Mounce’s Interlinear code, a pronoun is signaled by an “r” (pronoun). Pronouns as Substitutes for Nouns Consider the following pairs of sentences: James bought a red mustang yesterday. James drove the red mustang to church today. Susan owns two businesses in Fresno. The businesses have been performing well for Susan. James and Susan often walk beside the woods. James and Susan love the aroma of the woods. 83 These sentence pairs feel awkward to us because they have failed to use pronouns effectively. We have all learned (in our native tongues) to reduce clutter and repetition by substituting short, simple expressions (pronouns) the second time we mention a person or thing. Consider how these modications work: James bought a red mustang yesterday. James drove the red mustang to church today. James bought a red mustang yesterday. He drove it to church today. (original) (modied) Susan owns two businesses in Fresno. The businesses have been performing well for Susan. Susan owns two businesses in Fresno. They have been performing well for her. (original) (modied) James and Susan have often walked beside the woods. James and Susan love the aroma of the woods. James and Susan have often walked beside the woods. They love its aroma. (original) (modied)
The Rules of Substitutes for Nouns Somehow you and I have already learned (in our native tongues) how to make these substitutions. We know that, in these particular sentences, James becomes he, mustang and woods become it, Susan becomes her, and James and Susan become they. We know that violating the rules will create wrong and/or nonsensical expressions: James bought a red mustang yesterday. His drove they to church today. Susan owns two businesses in Fresno. Them have been performing well for she. James and Susan have often walked beside the woods. Him love them aroma. In both English and <strong>Greek</strong>, certain kinds of agreement must hold between the original noun (called the antecedent) and the pronoun that replaces it. It stands to reason, for example, that: James should be replaced by a pronoun that is masculine and singular (he, him, his); Susan should be replaced by a pronoun that is feminine and singular (she, her, hers); An impersonal entity should (in English) be replaced by a pronoun that is neuter and singular (it, its). But while a pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender and number, it does not need to agree in case. The reason is apparent: the pronoun must be free to function in its own sentence (or clause) according to the grammatical needs of that clause. Notice the variation in case between a pronoun and its antecedent if these sentences were translated into <strong>Greek</strong>: James bought a red mustang yesterday. [James, as Subject, would be Nominative here.] He drove it to church today. [He, as Subject, would be Nominative here too.] Susan owns two businesses in Fresno. [Susan, as Subject, would be Nominative here.] [Businesses, as Direct Object, would be Accusative here.] They have been performing well for her. [But her, as Indirect Object, would be Dative here.]* [But they, as Subject, would be Nominative here.]* James and Susan have often walked beside the woods. [Woods, as Object of the preposition, could be Dative here.] They love its Aroma. [But its, as Possessor, would be Genitive here.]* The sentences marked with asterisks (*) illustrate our point well: The pronoun will stand in the case required by its use in its own sentence (or clause). If a pronoun does agree in case with its antecedent in case (as in the rst example), such agreement would be purely accidental. To restate the rule: A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in gender and number (but not necessarily in case). 7: Pronouns 84
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Greek Elementary New Testament Jose
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Dedicated to my mentors in Greek H
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5: Adjectives, The Verb “to Be”
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Preface to the First Edition (Under
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1: Reading Greek Aloud 1: Reading G
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Additional N
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Consonants a
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Should the E
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Digging into
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Drills and E
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1: Reading Greek Aloud 13 beta gamm
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Understanding Verb Parsing The arro
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expressing internal aspect. In Engl
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Please note carefully that three di
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3) Middle Voice Finally, you will o
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Verbs with Roots ending in Short Vo
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Verbs Without Connecting Vowels (μ
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Digging into the New Testament Text
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Exercises I. Short Answer Doing exe
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Page 51 and 52: 7) . 8) μ μ . 9) μ
Page 53 and 54: Tagged Sentences Angels D crowns P
Page 55 and 56: Mrs. Davis pondered a coyote in the
Page 57 and 58: The Dative Case The dative case in
Page 59 and 60: Original. But shifting the subject
Page 61 and 62: The Vocative: The whole sentence is
Page 63 and 64: wordlist code: 1773. Go back to App
Page 65 and 66: II. Memorizing the Endings for It
Page 67 and 68: IV. Parse For each of the following
Page 69 and 70: But how do we know which particular
Page 71 and 72: 2) CRUCIAL CONCEPT: Greek nouns are
Page 73 and 74: Chapter Four Vocabulary Adverbs: (T
Page 75 and 76: III. Add Articles: For each of the
Page 77 and 78: Now, let’s modify each of the nou
Page 79 and 80: Summary of the Positions of the Adj
Page 81 and 82: Word Order for Predicate Nouns and
Page 83 and 84: meek (ones); the merciful (ones)].
Page 85 and 86: Note: Many of these rst declension
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Page 89 and 90: cases depending on which prepositio
Page 91 and 92: Prepositions (2) Allowing Three Cas
Page 93 and 94: But while most prepositional phrase
Page 95 and 96: New Testament Exploration Phil. 1:1
Page 97 and 98: Exercises I. Short Answer 1) Of wha
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Page 104 and 105: 7: Pronouns The Far Demonstrative 2
Page 106 and 107: 7: Pronouns The Uses of (forms of)
Page 108 and 109: 7: Pronouns Digging Deeper into the
Page 110 and 111: 7: Pronouns Exercises I. Short Answ
Page 112: 7: Pronouns 12) 13) 14) 15) 1
Page 115 and 116: Diagramming Co-Ordinate and Sub- Or
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Page 119 and 120: Greek Particles One of the most int
Page 121 and 122: Chapter Eight Vocabulary A signican
Page 123 and 124: μ 8: Conjunctions eye place heav
Page 125 and 126: 6) μ μ μ μ
Page 127 and 128: 1) In each of the translations of t
Page 129 and 130: In the PASSIVE versions of #’s 3
Page 131 and 132: The Forms of the Present Passive fo
Page 133 and 134: een called Deponent verbs because t
Page 135 and 136: Exercises I. Short Answer 1) In wha
Page 138 and 139: 10: Imperfect Tense 10: Imperfect T
Page 140 and 141: 10: Imperfect Tense If a verb begin
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10: Imperfect Tense 4) Working with
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11: The Future Tense 11: The Future
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11: The Future Tense In other words
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11: The Future Tense Integrating Pr
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11: The Future Tense The Future Ten
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11: The Future Tense 143 The “no-
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11: The Future Tense 145 1st PrinPa
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11: The Future Tense 147 2) The end
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11: The Future Tense Suppletive (
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11: The Future Tense The Future Pas
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11: The Future Tense 153 1st PrinPa
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11: The Future Tense Interpretive M
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11: The Future Tense Chapter Eleven
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11: The Future Tense 3) Working wit
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12: Aorist Tense 12: Aorist Tense T
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12: Aorist Tense The Formation of t
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12: Aorist Tense The Personal Endin
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12: Aorist Tense 167 1st PrinPart (
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12: Aorist Tense Comparison of Impe
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12: Aorist Tense 171 “I knew”
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12: Aorist Tense A Review of the Te
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12: Aorist Tense the Parts of Speec
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12: Aorist Tense 177 3) Working wit
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12: Aorist Tense III. Synthetic Sen
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Nouns love (5) , angel (3) br
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Verbs [] I love (10) [] I draw, l
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slave, servant (8) gift (3) []
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child (3) again (4) always (4) +
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The declension of stem a prophet
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Third Declension The 3rd declension
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The declension of , , stem , a king
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The declension of μ small, is as
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The declension of μ μ μ great, i
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The declension of , having been d
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The declension of , this, is as f
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The declension of the reexing prono
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The rst principal part of the conju
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The fourth and fth principle parts
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The rst principle part of the conju
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The rst principle part of the conju
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Verbs: Future and Aorist of Liquid
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The third principle part of μ, I g
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The third principle part of μ, I p
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The third principle part of μ, I s
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Verbs: Conjugation of The conjugat
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Elementary New Testament Greek, 2014a

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