Elementary New Testament Greek, 2014a

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9: Active, Middle, Passive Voices 9: Active, Middle, Passive Voices By now we’ve studied all ten parts of speech: verbs, nouns, articles, adverbs, interjections, adjectives, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and particles. With these building blocks in hand we are able to understand (at least in a general and preliminary way) how all Greek sentences are built, however complex they may be. Of course, the roadway ahead will involve expanding our knowledge of the forms and uses of the various parts of speech. Reviewing Verb Parsing Throughout the preceding chapters we have kept our verbs restricted in tense, voice and mood to the Present Active Indicative. That has allowed us to focus exclusively on meeting each of the other parts of speech without unnecessary distraction. Now it’s time to explore more features of Greek verbs. As we move ahead, let’s review the landscape of parsing to remind ourselves where we’ve been (marked by the bold font), and where (ultimately) we need to go: Tenses (7): Voices (3): Moods (4): Persons (3): Numbers (2) Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect. Active, Middle, Passive. Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, Optative. (Later we will meet the Participle and Innitive Modes.) First, Second, Third. Singular, Plural. Active and Passive Voices We’ll begin our expansion with the matter of Voice: Active Voice 109 As you have experienced throughout the preceding chapters, the active voice tells us that the personsthings involved (I, you, he/she/it, we, y’all, they) are the ones who perform or carry out the action in question. I am destroying you are sending she is teaching μ we are nding you are judging they are saving Passive Voice By way of contrast, passive forms reverse the polarity of action, so that the persons things involved (I, you, he/she/it, we, y’all, they) are acted upon by someone or something else: μ I am being destroyed you are being sent she is being taught μ we are being found you are being judged they are being saved
1) In each of the translations of the passive above, notice how we maintained the values of the Present Tense, as well as the Indicative Mood. Remember that the Present Tense (in Greek) usually means “now-Time” and “on-going, continuous Aspect.” Recall also that the Indicative Mood puts forward a factual claim, rather than a hope, command, or possibility. “I am being destroyed” declares something as a fact, while also expressing it as something happening now, and in an ongoing way. 2) Also, notice that “Passive” does not mean “Past.” “Passive” relates to the direction of action (subject performing action vs. subject being acted upon), whereas “past” relates to time (present, past, future). Work hard to keep these two very different notions completely distinct from each other. Now that we realize that only transitive verbs can be converted into passive sentences, let’s take a look at four kinds of transitive sentences, and how their elements are recongured to make passive sentence: Simple Transitive Active Verb God is destroying sin God is destroying sin. object Passive Voice, Transitive Verbs, and Sentence Types subject Passive Verb If you think about it very long, you will realize that no verb will function meaningfully in a passive sense unless it can take a Direct Object in its active form. Verbs which can take Direct Objects are called Transitive Verbs; verbs which cannot take Direct Objects are called In-transitive Verbs. Only Transitive verbs can be “turned around” to make sense in the passive voice: subject Sin is being destroying by God Active Voice I saw my friend Sally kicked the chair Tom bought the business Transitive Verbs Passive Voice My friend was seen by me The chair was kicked by Sally The business was bought by Tom prepositional phrase expressing agency Active Voice I am a student I went to town Lisa became a Senator Intransitive Verbs Passive Voice [nonsensical!!] A student was am-ed by me A town was went-ed by me A Senator was becom-ed by Lisa 9: Active, Middle, Passive Voices 110
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Greek Elementary New Testament Jose
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Dedicated to my mentors in Greek H
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5: Adjectives, The Verb “to Be”
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Preface to the First Edition (Under
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1: Reading Greek Aloud 1: Reading G
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Additional N
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Consonants a
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Should the E
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Digging into
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1: Reading Greek Aloud Drills and E
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1: Reading Greek Aloud 13 beta gamm
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Understanding Verb Parsing The arro
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expressing internal aspect. In Engl
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Please note carefully that three di
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3) Middle Voice Finally, you will o
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Verbs with Roots ending in Short Vo
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Verbs Without Connecting Vowels (μ
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Digging into the New Testament Text
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Exercises I. Short Answer Doing exe
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9) 10) 11) 12) Solutions to Exe
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7) . 8) μ μ . 9) μ
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Tagged Sentences Angels D crowns P
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Mrs. Davis pondered a coyote in the
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The Dative Case The dative case in
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Original. But shifting the subject
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The Vocative: The whole sentence is
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wordlist code: 1773. Go back to App
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II. Memorizing the Endings for It
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IV. Parse For each of the following
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But how do we know which particular
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2) CRUCIAL CONCEPT: Greek nouns are
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Chapter Four Vocabulary Adverbs: (T
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Page 79 and 80: Summary of the Positions of the Adj
Page 81 and 82: Word Order for Predicate Nouns and
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Page 89 and 90: cases depending on which prepositio
Page 91 and 92: Prepositions (2) Allowing Three Cas
Page 93 and 94: But while most prepositional phrase
Page 95 and 96: New Testament Exploration Phil. 1:1
Page 97 and 98: Exercises I. Short Answer 1) Of wha
Page 100 and 101: 7: Pronouns 7: Pronouns Easing the
Page 102 and 103: 7: Pronouns An Overview of 7 Types
Page 104 and 105: 7: Pronouns The Far Demonstrative 2
Page 106 and 107: 7: Pronouns The Uses of (forms of)
Page 108 and 109: 7: Pronouns Digging Deeper into the
Page 110 and 111: 7: Pronouns Exercises I. Short Answ
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Page 115 and 116: Diagramming Co-Ordinate and Sub- Or
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Page 119 and 120: Greek Particles One of the most int
Page 121 and 122: Chapter Eight Vocabulary A signican
Page 123 and 124: μ 8: Conjunctions eye place heav
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Page 129 and 130: In the PASSIVE versions of #’s 3
Page 131 and 132: The Forms of the Present Passive fo
Page 133 and 134: een called Deponent verbs because t
Page 135 and 136: Exercises I. Short Answer 1) In wha
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Page 158 and 159: 11: The Future Tense The Future Ten
Page 160 and 161: 11: The Future Tense 143 The “no-
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11: The Future Tense 3) Working wit
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12: Aorist Tense 12: Aorist Tense T
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12: Aorist Tense The Formation of t
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12: Aorist Tense The Personal Endin
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12: Aorist Tense 167 1st PrinPart (
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12: Aorist Tense Comparison of Impe
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12: Aorist Tense 171 “I knew”
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12: Aorist Tense A Review of the Te
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12: Aorist Tense the Parts of Speec
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12: Aorist Tense 177 3) Working wit
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12: Aorist Tense III. Synthetic Sen
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Nouns love (5) , angel (3) br
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Verbs [] I love (10) [] I draw, l
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slave, servant (8) gift (3) []
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child (3) again (4) always (4) +
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The declension of stem a prophet
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Third Declension The 3rd declension
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The declension of , , stem , a king
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The declension of μ small, is as
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The declension of μ μ μ great, i
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The declension of , having been d
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The declension of , this, is as f
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The declension of the reexing prono
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The rst principal part of the conju
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The fourth and fth principle parts
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The rst principle part of the conju
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The rst principle part of the conju
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Verbs: Future and Aorist of Liquid
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The third principle part of μ, I g
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The third principle part of μ, I p
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The third principle part of μ, I s
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Verbs: Conjugation of The conjugat
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Elementary New Testament Greek, 2014a

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