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REFERENCES OECD (2000c). Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 308 (draft), Paris. OECD (2000d). Fish, Juvenile Growth Test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 215, Paris. OECD (2000e). Soil Microorganisms: Nitrogen Transformation Test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 216, Paris. OECD (2000f). Soil Microorganisms: Carbon Transformation Test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 217, Paris. OECD (2000g). Log Kow pH-metric Method for Ionisable Substances. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a new Test Guideline 122 (draft November 2000), Paris. OECD (2000h). Long-term test on Enchytraeidae. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a new Test Guideline 220 (draft March 2000), Paris. OECD (2000i). Earthworm reproduction test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals (draft January 2000), Paris. OECD (2000j). Terrestrial (Non-Target) Plant Test: 208 A: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test; 208 B: Vegetative Vigour Test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for updating Guideline 208 (draft July 2000), Paris. OECD (2000k). Report of the OECD Workshop on Improving the Use of Monitoring Data in the Exposure Assessment of Industrial Chemicals. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment No. 18, Paris. OECD (2001a). Estimation of Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) on Soil and Sewage Sludge using HPLC, original Guideline, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 121, Paris. OECD (2001b). Simulation test - Aerobic Sewage Treatment, Activated Sludge Units. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 303A (updated Guideline), Paris. OECD (2001c). Guidance Document on the Use of the Harmonized System for the Classification of Chemicals which are Hazardous for the Aquatic Environment. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications, Series on Testing and Assessment, No. 27. OECD (2001d). Aerobic Mineralisation in surface water – simulation biodegradation test. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 309 (draft September 2001), Paris. OECD (2001e). Chironomid Toxicity Test using Spiked Sediment. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals No. 218 (draft), Paris. Oetken M, Ludwichowski KU, Nagel R (2000). Sediment Tests with Lumbriculus Variegatus and Chironomus Riparius and 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA) within the Scope of EG-Altstoff-V. By order of the Federal Environmental Agency, FKZ 360 12 001, March 2000. Opperhuizen A (1991). Bioconcentration and biomagnification: Is a distinction necessary? In: Bioaccumulation in aquatic systems. Nagel R and Loskill R (eds). VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany. OSPAR (1998). OSPAR Strategy with Regard to Hazardous Substances. OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, Summary Record OSPAR 98/14/1, Annex 34. OSPAR (2000a). Decision 2000/2 on a Harmonised Mandatory Control System for the Use and Reduction of the Discharge of Offshore Chemicals, OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North- East Atlantic. OSPAR (2000b). Decision 2000/3 on the Use of Organic Phase Drilling Fluids and the Discharge of OPF-Contaminated Cuttings. OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic. 200
REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review of statistical data analysis and experimental design in OECD aquatic toxicology test guidelines. Shell Research, Sittingbourne, UK, prepared for OECD. Pearce PA, Elliott JE, Peakall DB, Norstrom RJ (1989). Organochlorine contaminants in eggs of seabirds in the Northwest Atlantic, 1968-1984. Environmental Pollution 56, 217-235. Pedersen F, Kristensen P, Damborg A and Christensen HW (1994). Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Industrial Wastewater. Ministry of the Environment, Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Miljøprojekt Nr. 254, pp. 80-81. Posthuma L, Suter GW and Traas TP (2001). Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecotoxicology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. Rasmussen JB, Rowan DJ, Lean DRS and Carey JH (1990). Food chain structure in Ontario lakes determine PCB levels in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and other pelagic fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture Science 47, 2030-2038. Ratte HT (1998). Influence of the Growth Pattern on the EC50 of Cell Number, Biomass Integral and Growth rates in the Algal Growth Inhibition Test, Vol. I (Anonymised version). UBA Project 360 030 10, Aachen, Germany, October 1998. Reynolds L, Blok J, de Morsier A, Gerike P, Wellens H and Bonontinck WJ (1987). Evaluation of the toxicity of substances to be assessed for biodegradability. Chemosphere 16, 2259-2277. Römbke J, Bauer C, Brodesser J, Brodsky J, Danneberg G, Dietze C, Härle M, Heimann D, Klunker H, Kohl EG, Renner I, Ruzicka J, Schallnass HJ, Schäfer H, Vickus P (1993). Grundlagen für die Beurteilung des ökologischen Gefährdungspotentials von Altstoffen im Medium Boden, Entwicklung einer Teststrategie, Bericht im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, F + E - Vorhaben Nr. 106 04 103, Batelle Europe, Frankfurt am Main. Romijn CAFM. Luttik R, Van De Meent D, Slooff W, Canton JH (1993). Presentation of a general algorithm to include effect assessment on secondary poisoning in the derivation of environmental quality criteria. Part 1: aquatic food chains. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 26, 61-85. Romijn CFAM, Luttik R, Canton JH (1994). Presentation of a general algorithm to include effect assessment on secondary poisoning in the derivation of environmental quality criteria. Part 2. Terrestrial food chains. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 27, 107-127. Rundgren S, Andersson R, Bringmark L, Byman J, Gustafsson K, Johansson I and Tortensson L (1989). Soil Biological Variables in Environmental Hazard Assessment: Organisation and Research Programme. National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, NSEPD Report No. 3603, Solna, Sweden. Russell FS and Yonge CM (1928). The Seas. Frederick Warne and Co. Ltd, London. Samsøe-Petersen L (1987). Laboratory method for Ttesting side-effects of pesticides on the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata - adults (Col., Staphylinidae). Entomophaga 32, 73-81. Samsøe-Petersen L, Pedersen F (1994). Discussion paper regarding Guidance for Terrestrial Effects Assessment. VKI, prepared for the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). 63 pp. SCB (2000). Vattenräkenspaper – en pilotstudie om uttag, användning samt utsläpp, fysika och monetära data. Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), Rapport 2000: 6. Stockholm, (Water accounts – a pilot study on physical and monetary data on withdrawal, use and emissions. Stockholm, Statistics Sweden. Report in Swedish). Schobben HPM, Karman CC and Scholten MCTh (1994). Charm 2.1: Chemical Hazard Assessment and Risk Managment of Offshore Exploration and Production Chemicals. Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), TNO Report TNO-MW-R94/315, Delft, The Netherlands. Schudoma D, Gies A, Kussatz C (1999). Ableitung von Qualitätskriterien zum Schutz von fisch- und muschelfressenden Tierarten. In: Ökotoxikologie: ökosystemare Ansätze und Methoden. Oehlamnn J, Markert B (eds). Ecomed Verlag, Landsberg. Schwarzenbach RP, Gschwend PM and Imboden DM (1993). Environmental Organic Chemistry. Wiley- Interscience, New York, NY. SETAC (1991). Guidance Document on Testing procedures for Pesticides in Freshwater Mesocosms. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), (Publication available at http://www.setac.org). 201
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
Page 157 and 158: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
Page 159 and 160: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
Page 161 and 162: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
Page 163 and 164: Table 27 Assessment factors for der
Page 165 and 166: Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
Page 167 and 168: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
Page 169 and 170: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
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Page 175 and 176: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
Page 177 and 178: 4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
Page 179 and 180: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
Page 181 and 182: Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
Page 183 and 184: RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
Page 185 and 186: Classified dangerous to the Environ
Page 187 and 188: RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
Page 189 and 190: 6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 191 and 192: TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
Page 193 and 194: TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
Page 195 and 196: Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
Page 197 and 198: TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
Page 199 and 200: Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
Page 201 and 202: TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
Page 207: REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
Page 211: REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
Page 214 and 215: APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
Page 216 and 217: APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
Page 218 and 219: APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX I the number of days over
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
Page 224 and 225: APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
Page 226 and 227: APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
Page 232 and 233: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 234 and 235: APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
Page 236 and 237: APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
Page 238 and 239: APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 242 and 243: APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 248 and 249: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
Page 254 and 255: APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL/DOMESTI
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I IC = 11: POLYMERS INDUST
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APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
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APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
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APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
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APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
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APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
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APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
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290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
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APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
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APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
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APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
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APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
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APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
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APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
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APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “bl
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APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
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APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
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APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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