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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Table 9 Standard characteristics of a municipal sewage treatment plant Parameter Symbol Unit Value Capacity of the local STP CAPACITYstp [eq] 10,000 Amount of wastewater per inhabitant WASTEWinhab [l . d -1. eq -1 ] 200 Surplus sludge per inhabitant SURPLUSsludge [kg . d -1. eq -1 ] 0.011 Concentration susp. matter in influent SUSPCONCinf [kg . m -3 ] 0.45 Consultation of the tables in Appendix II gives the following input-output parameters: Input HENRY Henry's law constant [Pa . m 3. mol -1 ] eq. (21) Kow octanol-water partitioning coefficient [-] data set kbiostp first-order rate constant for biodegradation in STP [d -1 ] Table 6 Output Fstpair fraction of emission directed to air by STP [-] Fstpwater fraction of emission directed to effluent by STP [-] Fstpsludge fraction of emission directed to sludge by STP [-] Calculation of the STP influent concentration For local scale assessments, it is assumed that one point source is releasing its wastewater to one STP. The concentration in the influent of the STP, i.e. the untreated wastewater, can be calculated from the local emission to wastewater and the influent flow to the STP. The influent flow equals the effluent discharge. Explanation of symbols 62 Clocal inf 10 6 • Elocal water = EFFLUENT stp Elocalwater local emission rate to (waste) water during episode [kg . d -1 ] eq. (5) EFFLUENTstp effluent discharge rate of STP [l . d -1 ] eq. (34) Clocalinf concentration in untreated wastewater [mg . l -1 ] Calculation of the STP-effluent concentration The fraction of the substance reaching the effluent of the STP is tabulated in Appendix II. The concentration of the effluent of the STP is given by the fraction directed to effluent and the concentration in untreated wastewater as follows: (32) eff = Clocalinf • Fstp (33) Clocal water
Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT Clocalinf concentration in untreated wastewater [mg . l -1 ] eq. (32) Fstpwater fraction of emission directed to water by STP [-] App. II Clocaleff concentration of substance in the STP effluent [mg . l -1 ] If no specific data are known, EFFLUENTstp should be based on an averaged wastewater flow of 200 l per capita per day for a population of 10,000 inhabitants (see Table 9): Explanation of symbols EFFLUENT stp = CAPACITY stp • WASTEWinhab (34) CAPACITYstp capacity of the STP [eq] Table 9 WASTEWinhab sewage flow per inhabitant [l . d -1. eq -1 ] Table 9 EFFLUENTstp effluent discharge rate of STP [l . d -1 ] For calculating the PEC in surface water without sewage treatment, the fraction of the emission to wastewater, directed to effluent (Fstpwater) should be set to 1. The fractions to air and sludge (Fstpair and Fstpsludge resp.) should be set to zero. Calculation of the emission to air from the STP The indirect emission from the STP to air is given by the fraction of the emission to wastewater, which is directed to air: Explanation of symbols Estp air = Fstp air • Elocalwater (35) Fstpair fraction of the emission to air from STP [-] App. II Elocalwater local emission rate to water during emission episode [kg . d -1 ] eq. (5) Estpair local emission to air from STP during emission episode [kg . d -1 ] Calculation of the STP sludge concentration The concentration in dry sewage sludge is calculated from the emission rate to water, the fraction of the emission sorbed to sludge and the rate of sewage sludge production: C sludge = Fstp sludge Elocal SLUDGERATE • water • 6 10 (36) 63
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
Page 19 and 20: GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
Page 21 and 22: 2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Page 25 and 26: 2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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Page 35 and 36: Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
Page 37 and 38: Back to processing Product at end o
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Page 43 and 44: Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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Page 61 and 62: constant of zero. However, if it ca
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Page 69: Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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Page 79 and 80: Table 10 Overview of different expo
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Page 83 and 84: 2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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Page 87 and 88: Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
Page 89 and 90: Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
Page 91 and 92: Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
Page 93 and 94: Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
Page 95 and 96: ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Page 99 and 100: Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
Page 101 and 102: 3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 103 and 104: 3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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Page 109 and 110: Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
Page 111 and 112: Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
Page 113 and 114: Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
Page 115 and 116: EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
Page 117 and 118: Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
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Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT b. the conce
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
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4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
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Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
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RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
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Classified dangerous to the Environ
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RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
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6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
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TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
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TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
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Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
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TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
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Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
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TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
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REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
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REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
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REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
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REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
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REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
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APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
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APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
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APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
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APPENDIX I the number of days over
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APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
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APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
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APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
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APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
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APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
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APPENDIX I For the emission factors
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
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APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
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APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL/DOMESTI
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I IC = 11: POLYMERS INDUST
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APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
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APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
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APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
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APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
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APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
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APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
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290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
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APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
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APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
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APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
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APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
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APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
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APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
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APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “bl
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APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
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APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
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APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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