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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sediment toxicity test methodologies (adapted from SETAC, 1993) Test organism Duration Endpoints Reference Comments Chironomus sp. (Insect) 28d S/E ASTM (1994). Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Invertebrates (E-1383-94a). ASTM: Philadelphia OECD GL 218 (draft) and 219 (draft) Hexagenia sp. (Insect) 21d S/G ASTM (1994). Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Invertebrates (E-1383-94a). ASTM: Philadelphia Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaete) 28d S/G/R Phipps et al. (1993): Use of the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus for assessing the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sedimentassociated contaminants. Env. Tox. Chem. 12, 269-279 Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaete) 28d S/R (1) Reynoldson et al. (1991): A sediment bioassay using the Tubificid Oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex. Env. Tox. Chem. 10, 1061-1072. (2) ASTM (1994): Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Invertebrates (E-1383-94a). ASTM: Philadelphia Hyalella azteca (Amphipod) 30d S/G/R ASTM (1994). Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Invertebrates (E-1383-94a). ASTM: Philadelphia Table 1 continued overleaf - short generation time - larvae in direct contact with sediment by burrowing - filter feeder / surface deposit feeder - supplementary feeding required* - wide tolerance of sediment grain size - important prey organisms - nymphs in direct contact with sediment by burrowing - surface particle collector - fine / organically enriched sediments - short generation time - subsurface deposit feeder - inhabits a wide variety of sediment types - short generation time - subsurface deposit feeder - tolerant of variation in sediment particle size and proportion organic matter - important ecological link in aquatic food chain and active in bioturbation - short generation time - some subsurface deposit feeding - supplementary feeding required* - wide tolerance of sediment grain size APPENDIX VI
299 Table 1 continued Selected freshwater sediment toxicity test methodologies (adapted from SETAC, 1993) Test organism Duration Endpoints Reference Comments Gammarus sp. (Amphipod) > 28 d S/F Pascoe et al. (1992): Development and validation of methods for evaluating chronic toxicity to freshwater ecosystems. Final Summary Report of the Environmental Research Programme Assessment of Risk Associated with Chemicals (Ecotoxicology). EEC RTD Contract EV4V- 0110-UK(BA) Diporeia sp. (Amphipod) 28d S ASTM (1994). Standard Guide for Conducting Sediment Toxicity Tests with Freshwater Invertebrates (E-1383-94a). ASTM: Philadelphia Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode) 3d G/R (1) Traunspurger et al. (1997): Ecotoxicological assessment of aquatic sediments with Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) – A method for testing liquid medium and whole-sediment samples. Env. Tox. Chem. 16, 245-250. (2) Höss et al. (1997): Influence of particle size distributions and content of organic matter on the toxicity of copper in sediment bioassays using Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda). Water, Air and Soil Pollution 99, 689-695 - long generation time (R possible at > 3 month) - limited growth when not fed - supplementary feeding required* - epibenthic detrivore - sensitive to sediment size (fine sediments are not a suitable habitat) - long generation time and slow growth - subsurface deposit feeder - relatively insensitive to grain size - short life-cycle - sublethal bioassay (high survival is preriquisite for test validity) - infaunal bacterial ingester - Bacteria (E. coli) suspensions added as a food source prior to introduction of nematodes to test vessels - sensitive to particle size distribution (ingestion of fine particles reduces relative quantity of bacteria in diet) - nematodes are the most abundant /Species rich metazoans in sediments Key: S = survival, E = emergence, G = growth, R = reproduction, F = feeding * Tests with species that need supplementary feeding should be designed in such a way that the food taken up by the test organisms is also contaminated with the test substance. This is necessary to adequately address the exposure to the test substance via ingestion . APPENDIX VI
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
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Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT b. the conce
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
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4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
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Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
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RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
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Classified dangerous to the Environ
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RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
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6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
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TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
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TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
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Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
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TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
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Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
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TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
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REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
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REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
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REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
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REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
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REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
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APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
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APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
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APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
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APPENDIX I the number of days over
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APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
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APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
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APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
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APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
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APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
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APPENDIX I For the emission factors
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
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APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
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Page 328 and 329: APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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