technical guidance documents - Institute for Health and Consumer ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “blocks” and for their additivity, which is needed to be able to derive an overall PEC/PNEC ratio. References Adema DMM and Bos-Bakker GH (1986). The Aquatic Toxicity of Compounds that may be carried by Ships (Marpol 1973, Annex II). Progress report for 1986 from TNO to Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. Adema DMM (1991). The Acute Aquatic Toxicity of Alkylbenzenes. Report from TNO to Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment. CONCAWE Ecology Group (1995). Environmental risk assessment of petroleum products - Hydrocarbon Block Approach. Brussel. ECETOC (in press). The Role of Bioaccumulation in Environmental Risk Assessment: The Aquatic Environment and the Related Food Web. EIFAC (1987). Revised Report on Combined Effects on Freshwater Fish and other Aquatic Life of Mixtures of Toxicants in Water. European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), Working party on Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish. EIFAC Technical Paper (37), Rev. 1. EU (1995). Workshop on Environmental Risk Assessment of Petroleum Substances. 6-7 December 1994. European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB), Ispra (VA), Italy. Hermens JLM (1989). Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of Environmental Pollutants. In: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, volume 2E. Hutzinger O (Ed.), Springer Verlag, Berlin, 111-162. Sijm DTHM, Schipper M and Opperhuizen A (1992). Toxicokinetics of halogenated benzenes in fish: lethal body burden as a toxicological end point. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12, 1117-1127. Verburgh et al. (1995). Criteria for Hydrocarbon Blocks as Input for Risk Assessment of Hydrocarbon Mixtures. European Commission, Joint Research Center, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Chemicals Bureau (ECB), Report U11/JVtg1 of ECB, Ispra (VA), Italy. Verhaar HJM, van Leeuwen CJ and Hermens JLM (1992). Classifying environmental pollutants. Structure-activity relationships for prediction of aquatic toxicity. Chemosphere 25(4), 471-491. 318
Appendix X Transformation pathways APPENDIX X In the table below biodegradation and transformation pathways of some organic compounds are summarised. The mechanisms and pathways presented here are not comprehensive and other mechanisms and pathways may therefore occur. It should also be noted that the assessment of transformation pathways may be complicated due to the interaction between different functional groups within a molecule. The following references give further detail: Neilson AH (1994). Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment: Distribution, Persistence, and Toxicity. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 448 pp. Larson RA and Weber EJ (1994). Reaction Mechanisms in Environmental Organic Chemistry. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, USA. GROUP METABOLIC PATHWAY TRANSFORMATION PRODUCT(S) Aldehydes Oxidation Carboxylic acids Alkanes, branched acids Oxidation/carboxylation Alcohols/carboxylic Alkanes, unbranched beta-Oxidation Alcohols, carboxylic Alkanols Oxidation Aldehydes, ketones Alkenes Epoxidation Epoxides, diols Alkynes Addition of water Ketones Amides and related compounds Hydrolysis Amines, carboxylic acids Amines, primary/secondary/tertiary Oxidative deaminiation/reductive Carboxylicacids/primary dealkylation/reductive dealkylation amines/secondary amines Anilines Ring oxygenation Catechols Aromatic hydrocarbons Oxygenation Catechols Azo compounds, aromatic Reduction Anilines Carbamates Hydrolysis Amines, alcohols Carboxylic acids beta-Oxidation Acetic acid Catechols Oxidation with ring cleavage Carboxylic acids Esters (carboxylic/sulfuric/ Hydrolysis Alcohols and carboxylic/ phosphoric) phosphoric/sulfuric acids Ethers, aliphatics Reductive or oxidative dealkylation Alcohols Halogenated aliphatics Hydrolysis/elimination/reductive dehalogenation Alkanols/alkenes/alkanes Halogenated aromatics Oxygenation Halogenated catechols Heteroaromatics Oxygenation Similar to aromatics Ketones Monooxygenation Esters Nitriles Hydrolysis Amides, carboxylic acids Nitro compounds Reduction Amines Nitro aromatics Dioxygenation (elim. of NO2 - )/ reduction Catechols/anilines Organomercurials (C-Hg bond) Reductive cleavage Alkanes,inorg.mercury Organophosphonate (C-P bond) Reductive cleavage Hydroxybenzoates/catechols Phenols Carboxylation (anaerobic)/ Oxygenation (aerobic) Hydroxybenzoates/catechols Sulfoxides Reduction Thioethers, thiols Sulphonates, aromatic Elimin. of sulfite by dioxygenation Catechols Sulphates, alkyl Hydrolysis Alcohols, inorg. sulphate Ureas Hydrolysis Amines 319
Page 1:
Institute for Health and Consumer P
Page 4 and 5:
LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
Page 7:
OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
Page 11 and 12:
CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
Page 13 and 14:
4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
Page 15 and 16:
1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
Page 17 and 18:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
Page 19 and 20:
GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
Page 21 and 22:
2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Page 23 and 24:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
Page 25 and 26:
2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
Page 27 and 28:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
Page 29 and 30:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
Page 31 and 32:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
Page 33 and 34:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
Page 35 and 36:
Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
Page 37 and 38:
Back to processing Product at end o
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
Page 43 and 44:
Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
Page 45 and 46:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
Page 47 and 48:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
Page 49 and 50:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
Page 51 and 52:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
Page 53 and 54:
2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
Page 55 and 56:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
Page 57 and 58:
2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
Page 59 and 60:
2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
Page 61 and 62:
constant of zero. However, if it ca
Page 63 and 64:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
Page 69 and 70:
Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
Page 75 and 76:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
Page 77 and 78:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
Page 79 and 80:
Table 10 Overview of different expo
Page 81 and 82:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
Page 83 and 84:
2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
Page 85 and 86:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
Page 87 and 88:
Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
Page 89 and 90:
Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
Page 95 and 96:
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
Page 101 and 102:
3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 103 and 104:
3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
Page 105 and 106:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
Page 107 and 108:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
Page 109 and 110:
Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
Page 111 and 112:
Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
Page 113 and 114:
Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
Page 115 and 116:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
Page 117 and 118:
Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
Page 119 and 120:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
Page 121 and 122:
In the partitioning method, it is a
Page 123 and 124:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
Page 125 and 126:
3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
Page 127 and 128:
3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
Page 129 and 130:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
Page 131 and 132:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
Page 133 and 134:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
Page 135 and 136:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
Page 137 and 138:
Conversion factors for laboratory a
Page 139 and 140:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
Page 141 and 142:
EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
Page 143 and 144:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
Page 145 and 146:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
Page 147 and 148:
4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
Page 149 and 150:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
Page 151 and 152:
Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
Page 153 and 154:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
Page 155 and 156:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
Page 157 and 158:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
Page 159 and 160:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
Page 161 and 162:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
Page 163 and 164:
Table 27 Assessment factors for der
Page 165 and 166:
Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
Page 167 and 168:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
Page 169 and 170:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
Page 171 and 172:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT b. the conce
Page 173 and 174:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
Page 175 and 176:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
Page 177 and 178:
4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
Page 179 and 180:
MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
Page 181 and 182:
Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
Page 183 and 184:
RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
Page 185 and 186:
Classified dangerous to the Environ
Page 187 and 188:
RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
Page 189 and 190:
6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 191 and 192:
TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
Page 193 and 194:
TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
Page 195 and 196:
Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
Page 197 and 198:
TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
Page 199 and 200:
Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
Page 201 and 202:
TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
Page 203 and 204:
REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
Page 205 and 206:
REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
Page 207 and 208:
REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
Page 211:
REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
Page 214 and 215:
APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
Page 216 and 217:
APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
Page 218 and 219:
APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
Page 220 and 221:
APPENDIX I the number of days over
Page 222 and 223:
APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
Page 224 and 225:
APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
Page 226 and 227:
APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
Page 228 and 229:
APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
Page 230 and 231:
APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
Page 232 and 233:
APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 234 and 235:
APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
Page 236 and 237:
APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
Page 238 and 239:
APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 240 and 241:
APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 242 and 243:
APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
Page 244 and 245:
APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247:
APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 248 and 249:
APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 250 and 251:
APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
Page 252 and 253:
APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
Page 254 and 255:
APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
Page 256 and 257:
APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
Page 258 and 259:
APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 260 and 261:
APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL/DOMESTI
Page 262 and 263:
APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 264 and 265:
APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 266 and 267:
APPENDIX I IC = 11: POLYMERS INDUST
Page 268 and 269:
APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
Page 270 and 271:
APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
Page 272 and 273:
APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
Page 274 and 275:
APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
Page 276 and 277: APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
Page 278 and 279: APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
Page 280 and 281: APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
Page 282 and 283: APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
Page 284 and 285: APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
Page 286 and 287: APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
Page 288 and 289: APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
Page 290 and 291: APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
Page 292 and 293: APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
Page 294 and 295: APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
Page 296 and 297: APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
Page 298 and 299: 290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
Page 300 and 301: 292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
Page 306 and 307: 298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
Page 308 and 309: APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
Page 310 and 311: APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
Page 312 and 313: APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
Page 314 and 315: APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
Page 316 and 317: APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
Page 318 and 319: APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
Page 320 and 321: APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
Page 322 and 323: APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
Page 324 and 325: APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
Page 328 and 329: APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
Page 330 and 331: APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
Page 332 and 333: APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
Page 334 and 335: APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
Page 336 and 337: APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
show all

technical guidance documents - Institute for Health and Consumer ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?