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REFERENCES SETAC (1992). Workshop on Aquatic Microcosms for Ecological Assessment of Pesticides, Wintergreen, Virginia, 6 - 12 October 1991. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Workshop Report. SETAC (1993). Guidance Document on Sediment Toxicity Tests and Bioassays for Freshwater and Marine Environments. From the Workshop on Sediment Toxicity Assessment at Renesse, Netherlands on 8-10 November 1993. Hill I, Mathiessen P, Heimbach F (eds). Society of Envionmental Toxicology and Chemistry – Europe, Brussels. SETAC (1995). Guidance Document on Regulatory Testing Procedures for Pesticides with non-target Arthropods. Stavola A (1990). Detailed Review Paper on Terrestrial Ecotoxicology Test Guidelines. OECD Updating Programme, periodical review. SRC (2000). EPIWIN Suite 3.05. Syracuse Research Corporation (http://esc.syrres.com/interkow/Softwareupdate.htm). Stavola A (1990). Detailed Review Paper on Terrestrial Ecotoxicology Test Guidelines, OECD Updating Programme, periodical review. Stronkhorst J, Ciarelli S, Schipper CA, Postma JF, Dubbeldam M, Vangheluwe M, Brils JM, Hooftman R and Kater BJ (in press). Interlaboratory comparison of five marine bioassays for the toxicity evaluation of dredged material in the Netherlands. Struijs J, Stoltenkamp J, Van De Meent D (1991). A Spreadsheet-based Model to Predict the Fate of Xenobiotics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Wat. Res. 25(7), 91-900. Tait RV (1978). Elements of Marine Ecology. Butterworths, London. Teigen WS, Skaare JU, Bjorge A, Degre E and Sand G (1993). Mercury and selenium in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Norwegian waters. Environ. Toxicol.Chem. 12, 1251-1259. Thain J and Bifield S (2001). Biological effects of contaminants: A Sediment Bioassay using the Polychaete Arenicola marina. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences No. 29, Copenhagen, 16 pp. Thompson DR (1990). Metal levels in marine vertebrates. In: Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment. Furness RW and Rainbow PS (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. TNsG on Annex I Inclusion (2001). Technical Notes for Guidance in Support of the Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and the Council Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Principles and Practical Procedures for the Inclusion of Active Substances in Annexes I, IA and IB. European Commission (EC) (Internet publication at http://ecb.jrc.it). TNsG on Data Requirements (2000). Technical Guidance Document in Support of the Directive 98/8/EC Concerning the Placing of Biocidal Products on the Market. Guidance on Data Requirements for Active Substances and Biocidal Products. European Commission (EC) (Internet publication at http://ecb.jrc.it). Toet C, de Nijs ACM, Vermeire TG, van der Poel P and Tuinstra J (1991). Risk Assessment of New Chemical Substances; System Realisation and Validation II. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 679201 004, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Toet C and de Leeuw FAAM (1992). Risk Assessment System for New Chemical Substances: Implementation of atmospheric transport of organic compounds. National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 679102 008, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. UBA (1993). Entwurf zur Bewertung von Bodenbelastungen, Fachgebiet I 3.7. Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Berlin. US EPA (1973). Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office and Research and Development, EPA 670/4-73-001, Cincinnati, OH, USA. US EPA (1978). Bioassay Procedures for the Ocean Disposal Permit Program. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office and Research and Development, EPA 600/9-78-010, Cincinnati, OH, USA. US EPA (1980). Chemical Use Standard Encoding System (ChemUSES), Volume 2: Function List and Function List Index. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Toxic Substances, Doc. EPA 560/13-80- 034b, Washington, DC. US EPA (1985). Water quality criteria. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Fed. Regist. 50, 30784-30796. 202
REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sediment Acute Toxicity Invertebrates, Marine. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPPTS), Ecological Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 850.1740, EPA 712-C-96-355, Washington, DC. US EPA (2002). US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Available from the US EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure/docs/episuitedl.htm. Van Beelen P, Fleuren-Kemilä AK, Huys MPA, Van Mil ACM and Van Vlaardingen PLA (1990). Toxic effects of pollutants on the mineralization of substrates at low experimental concentrations in soil, subsoils and sediments. In: Contaminated Soil. Arendt F, Hinseveld M and Van den Brink WJ (eds). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 431-438. Van de Meent D and Toet C (eds.) (1992). Dutch Priority Setting System for Existing Chemicals: a Systematic Approach for Ranking Chemicals according to Increasing Estimated Hazards. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 679120 001, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Van de Meent D (1993). Simplebox: a Generic Multimedia Fate Evaluation Model. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 672720 001, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Van der Poel P (1999). Supplement to the Uniform System for the Evaluation of Substances (USES) - Emission Scenarios for Waste Treatment (elaborated for biocides). National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 601450 003, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Van Gestel CAM (1992). The influence of soil characteristics on the toxicity of chemicals for earthworms: a review. In: Ecotoxicology of Earthworms. Becker H et al. (eds), Intercept, Andover, UK, pp. 44-54. Van Gestel CAM, and Ma W (1993). Development of QSARs in soil ecotoxicology: earthworm toxicity and soil sorption of chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes and chloroanilines. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 69, 265-276. Van Jaarsveld JA (1990). An operational atmospheric transport model for Priority Substances; specifications and instructions for use. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 222501002, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Van Straalen NM and Denneman CAJ (1989). Ecotoxicological evaluation of soil quality criteria. Ecotoxicol. & Environ. Saf. 18, 241-251. Van Straalen NM and Van Gestel CAM (1992). Ecotoxicological Test Methods Using Terrestrial Arthropods. Detailed Review Paper for the OECD Test Guidelines Programme, Amsterdam. Veith GD, Defoe DL and Bergstedt BV (1979). Measuring and estimating the bioconcentration factor of chemicals in fish. J. Fish Board Can. 36, 1040-1048. Vermeire TG, van Iersel AAJ, de Leeuw FAAM, Peijnenburg WJGM, van der Poel P, Taalman RDFM and Toet C (1992). Initial assessment of the hazards and risks of new chemicals to man and the environment. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), RIVM Report No. 679201 006, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Voparil IM and Mayer LM (2000). Dissolution of sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into the lugworm’s (Arenicola marina) digestive fluids. Environ. Sci. Technol. 34(7), 1221-1228. Wagner C and Løkke H (1991). Estimation of ecotoxicological protection levels from NOEC toxicity data. Water Res. 25, 1237-1242. Weyers A and Vollmer G. (2000). Algal growth inhibition: Effect of choice of growth rate for biomass as endpoint on the classification and labelling of new substances notified in the EU. Chemosphere 41, 109-112. Weyers A, Sokull-Klüttgen B, Baraibar-Fentanes J and Vollmer G (2000). Acute toxicity data: A comprehensive comparison of results of fish, Daphnia and algae tests with new substances notified in the EU. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, 1931-33. Xie WH, Shiu WY and Mackay D (1997). A review of the effects of salts on the solubility of organic compounds in seawater. Marine Env. Res. 44, 429-444. Zepp GR and Cline DM (1977). Rates of direct photolysis in aquatic environment. Environ. Sci. Techn. 11(4), 359- 366. 203
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
Page 159 and 160: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
Page 161 and 162: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
Page 163 and 164: Table 27 Assessment factors for der
Page 165 and 166: Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
Page 167 and 168: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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Page 173 and 174: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
Page 175 and 176: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
Page 177 and 178: 4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
Page 179 and 180: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
Page 181 and 182: Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
Page 183 and 184: RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
Page 185 and 186: Classified dangerous to the Environ
Page 187 and 188: RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
Page 189 and 190: 6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 191 and 192: TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
Page 193 and 194: TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
Page 195 and 196: Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
Page 197 and 198: TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
Page 199 and 200: Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
Page 201 and 202: TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
Page 207 and 208: REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
Page 209: REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
Page 214 and 215: APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
Page 216 and 217: APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
Page 218 and 219: APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX I the number of days over
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
Page 224 and 225: APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
Page 226 and 227: APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
Page 232 and 233: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 234 and 235: APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
Page 236 and 237: APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
Page 238 and 239: APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 242 and 243: APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 248 and 249: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
Page 254 and 255: APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
Page 258 and 259: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL/DOMESTI
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I IC = 11: POLYMERS INDUST
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APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
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APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
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APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
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APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
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APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
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APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
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290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
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APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
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APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
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APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
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APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
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APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
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APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
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APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “bl
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APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
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APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
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APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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