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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of chemicals in a wastewater treatment plant based on the SimpleTreat model The tables in this appendix provide values for the fate of substances that enter the sewage treatment plant, estimated according to the SimpleTreat 3.0 model (Struijs et al., 1996). The tables provide information on how much of a substance that enters the sewage treatment plant goes to air, surface water and to sewage sludge and how much is degraded. Separate tables are given depending on the categorization of a substance according to the results of screening biodegradation tests (see Table 6). The data in the tables have been obtained from calculations with the SimpleTreat 3.0 model with the following settings: the volume of wastewater is set at 200 l per capita per day in line with Table 9 (Section 2.3.7.1). Assuming that the total amount of solids in raw sewage produced per inhabitant per day is 0.150 (m -3.d -1 ) .0.6 (kg .m -3 ) = 90 g per inhabitant per day, the concentration of suspended matter in influent has been set to 0.45 (kg.m -3 ) (see Table 9). In order to maintain the main characteristics of the sludge flow, the steady-state concentration of suspended solids in the primary settler has been set at 150 mg dry weight per l, implying that still 2/3 of the solids in raw sewage is separated by the primary settler. Consequently, settled sewage flowing from the primary settler into the aeration tank contains an oxygen requirement (Ro) of 176 mg BOD per l. The mode of operation is defined by the input parameter sludge loading rate which specifies the BOD loading of the plant. The operation of the activated sludge reactor is largely specified by this parameter. This input parameter is in units of kg BOD per kg dry weight per day and is related to the sludge retention time (SRT) or sludge age and the hydraulic retention time (HRT). A medium sludge loading rate of 0.15 kg BOD kgdw -1 .d -1 is used with a SRT of 9.2 d and an HRT of 7.1 hr. Compared to previous versions of the model in SimpleTreat 3.0 a correction for stripping chemicals has been included, as the process description is only valid for volatile chemicals (H > 250 Pa .m 3 .mol -1 ). The overall mass transfer coefficient during surface aeration (ksurf) was assumed proportional to the dissolved oxygen overall transfer rate coefficient (KLaO), estimated from the oxygen requirement (Ro), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the difference between the oxygen saturation and the actual O2 concentration in the aerator (∆O2). In order to account also for the gas phase resistance (H < 250 Pa .m 3 .mol -1 ) the proportionality constant Ψ, still having the default value of 0.6, should be multiplied by a factor containing the dimensionless Henry constant (KH) and the ratio of the mass transfer rate coefficients of a chemical in air and water. Munz and Roberts (1987) recommend to apply 40 as a default value for this ratio. As a result the first order rate constant for surface aeration is written as: In the following tables H (Henry's law constant) should be used in Pa .m 3 .mol -1 . 278 k surf 40 • K H = ψ ( ) R 40 • K H + 1 HRT O • ∆ O 2
a) No biodegradability APPENDIX II Fate of chemicals that are not degradable: kbiostp = 0 hr -1 in the aqueous phase of activated sludge. log H % to air -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log Kow 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 64 91 95 95 1 0 0 0 0 2 15 64 91 95 95 2 0 0 0 0 2 15 64 91 94 95 3 0 0 0 0 2 14 62 89 92 92 4 0 0 0 0 1 12 52 77 80 80 5 0 0 0 0 1 5 28 48 51 51 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 23 27 27 log H % to water -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log Kow 0 100 100 100 100 98 85 36 9 5 5 1 100 100 100 100 98 85 36 9 5 5 2 99 99 99 99 97 84 36 9 5 5 3 96 96 96 96 94 82 35 8 5 5 4 79 79 79 79 77 68 30 8 5 4 5 39 39 39 39 39 35 19 6 4 4 6 15 15 15 15 15 14 11 6 4 4 log H % to sludge -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log Kow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 21 21 21 21 21 20 18 16 15 15 5 61 61 61 61 60 59 53 46 45 45 6 85 85 85 85 85 85 80 71 69 69 log H % degraded -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log Kow 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 log H % removal -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 log Kow 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 64 91 95 95 1 0 0 0 0 2 15 64 91 95 95 2 1 1 1 1 3 16 64 91 95 95 3 4 4 4 4 6 18 65 92 95 95 4 21 21 21 21 23 32 70 92 95 96 5 61 61 61 61 61 65 81 94 96 96 6 85 85 85 85 85 86 89 94 96 96 279
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
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Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT b. the conce
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
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4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
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Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
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RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
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Classified dangerous to the Environ
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RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
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6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
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TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
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TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
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Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
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TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
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Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
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TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
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REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
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REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
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REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
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REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
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REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
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APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
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APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
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APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
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APPENDIX I the number of days over
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APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
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APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
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APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
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APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
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Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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Page 272 and 273: APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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Page 282 and 283: APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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Page 290 and 291: APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
Page 292 and 293: APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
Page 294 and 295: APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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Page 308 and 309: APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
Page 310 and 311: APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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Page 314 and 315: APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
Page 316 and 317: APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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Page 328 and 329: APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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