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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil test methodologies Test Organism Duration Endpoints Reference/Source Comments Invertebrate Fauna (continued) Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta) Cognettia sphagnetorum (Oligochaeta) Folsomia candida (Collembola) Table 1 continued overleaf 21 - 42d S/R (i) OECD (2000). OECD 220 Enchytraeidae Reproduction Test (Draft). (ii) ISO/CD 16387 Soil quality - Effects of soil pollutants on enchytraeids: Determination of effects on reproduction (draft). 70 d G/R Rundgren & Augustsson (1998). Test on the Enchytraeid Cognettia sphagnetorum. In Handbook of Soil Invertebrates (Eds. Hans Løkke & Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel). John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK. 28d S/R ISO 11267 Soil Quality – Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) (1999). − Adult mortality is assessed after 3 weeks. − Reproduction (juvenile number) is assessed after a further 3 weeks (6 weeks total). − Shorter generation time than earthworms. − Ease of handling/culture. − Enchytraeidae feed on decomposing plant material and associated microorganisms i.e., fungi, bacteria & algae. − Enchytraeids are abundant in many soil types including those from which earthworms are often absent. They account for approximately 0.5% of the edaphon (soil biota) by mass (up to 50 g per m2 ). This corresponds to approximately 100,000 per m2 . − Mortality and asexual reproduction (fragmentation rate of adults) determined weekly over 10 weeks. − Easy to culture. − Enchytraeidae feed on decomposing plant material and associated microorganisms i.e., fungi, bacteria & algae. − C. spagnetorum is common in bogs, forests and other highly organic habitats. They are present at 10,000 – 25,000 per m 2 . − Survival and reproduction after 4 weeks. − Short generation time. − Ease of culture. − Springtails are important soil litter arthropods playing a role in soil organic matter breakdown and nutrients recycling. − Feed on bacteria and fungi. − Collembola are the most abundant soil fauna present at 40,000 to 70,000 per m2 . Prey for epigeic invertebrates such as mites, centipedes, spiders and carabid beetles. APPENDIX V
293 Table 1 continued Selected soil test methodologies Test Organism Duration Endpoints Reference/Source Comments Invertebrate Fauna (continued) Isomtoma viridis, Folsomia candida and Folsomia fimetaria (Collembola) Hypoaspis Aculieifer (Gamasid mite) preying on Folsomia Fimetaria (Collembola) Porcellio scaber (Isopoda) Table 1 continued overleaf 28 - 56 d S/G/R Willes & Krogh (1998). Tests with the Collembolans Isomtoma viridis, Folsomia candida and Folsomia fimetaria. In Handbook of Soil Invertebrates (Eds. Hans Løkke & Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel). John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK. 21 d S/G/R Krogh & Axelson (1998). Test on the predatory mite Hypoaspis Aculieifer preying on the Collembolan Folsomia Fimetaria. In Handbook of Soil Invertebrates (Eds. Hans Løkke & Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel). John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK. 28 – 70 d S/G/R Hornung et al. (1998). Tests on the Isopod Porcellio scaber. In “Handbook of Soil Invertebrates” (Eds. Hans Løkke & Cornelis A.M. Van Gestel). John Wiley & Sons: Chichester, UK. − Survival and reproduction assessed weekly (cf. ISO protocol). − Dermal and alimentary uptake. − Springtails are important soil litter arthropods playing q role in soil organic matter breakdown and nutrients recycling. − Feed on bacteria and fungi. − The most abundant soil fauna present at 10,000 to 50,000 per m 2 . Prey for epigeic invertebrates such as mites, centipedes, spiders and carabid beetles. − Mortality, growth and offspring number assessed after three weeks. − Natural prey-predator relationship. − Predacious species feeding on enchytraeids, nematodes and microarthropods. Important role in control of parasitic nematodes. − Gamasioda mites are present at 5 - 10,000 per m 2 . − Survival and biomass determined after 4 weeks (weekly measurements). − Reproduction (oocyte number, % gravid females, % females releasing juveniles, number offspring) determined after 10 weeks. − Alimentary uptake via dosed food or soil. − Isopods woodlouse species. Macro-decomposers important part of detritus food chain. − Important prey species for centipedes. − Estimated population density of isopods is 500 – 1,500 per m 2 . APPENDIX V
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
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Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT • a measur
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT b. the conce
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT mechanisms s
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
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4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
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Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
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RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
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Classified dangerous to the Environ
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RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
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6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
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TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
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TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
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Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
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TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
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Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
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TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
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REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
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REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
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REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
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REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
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REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
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APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
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APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
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APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
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APPENDIX I the number of days over
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APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
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APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
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APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
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APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
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APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
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APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
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APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
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APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
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APPENDIX I For the emission factors
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
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Page 282 and 283: APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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Page 298 and 299: 290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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Page 304 and 305: 296 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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Page 308 and 309: APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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Page 328 and 329: APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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