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APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category Ia Ib Ic II III IV Production . X X . X . Formulation . X X . X . Processing . . . . . . IC 3. Chemical industry: chemicals used in synthesis The definition for chemicals used in synthesis based on the examples given in the HEDSET is: chemicals used in synthesis are substances either regulating the chemical reaction process (e.g. catalysts) or being used as an intermediate (i.e. chemicals that are formed and can be isolated at an intermediate step between starting material and the final product in a sequence of chemical processes). The HEDSET includes monomers in intermediates, which is only valid in the release estimation tables for the stage of production. For the processing stage the tables of IC 11 “Polymers industry” are used (see also subparagraph 4.2.5). Apart from UC = 33 “Intermediates” most chemicals in this IC will have to be classified as UC = 43 “Process regulators” or UC = 55/0 “Others”. Formulation may be applicable for some chemicals, whilst recovery is unlikely. Table for IC 3 of the MCs for the possible stages of the life-cycle which may be chosen on account of the UC chosen (for interpretation of the MC see Table 1): Stage Main category Ia Ib Ic II III IV Production (UC ≠ 33) . X X . X . Production (UC = 33) X X X . . . Formulation (UC ≠ 33) . X X . X . Processing . X X . X . IC 4. Electrical/electronic industry In electrical/electronic industry a wide range of products is manufactured. It comprises both the manufacture of components like resistors, transistors, capacitors, diodes, lamps, etc. and the production of televisions, radios, computers (PC’s as well as mainframes), radar installations, complete telephone exchanges, etc. In the manufacturing processes constituent processes may take place. The main constituent processes are electroplating, polymer processing, and paint application. The emissions of substances used in these separate processes are not covered in IC 4, but in the following ICs: • IC 8. “Metal extraction, refining and processing industry”: electroplating and other metal processing (e.g. use of metalworking fluids); • IC 11. “Polymers industry”: polymer processing (shaping of thermoplastics and curing of prepolymers e.g. for the embedding of electronic components); • IC 14. “Paints, lacquers and varnishes industry”: application of coating products by all means of methods like spraying, curtain coating, etc. There are no emission scenario and use category documents for IC 4. There are many different applications, however, in this IC, which may be characteristic and specific for it, e.g., the
APPENDIX I production of printed circuit boards, semiconductors and the application of dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors. Table for IC 4 of the MCs for the possible stages of the life-cycle which may be chosen on account of the UC chosen (for interpretation of the MC see Table 1): Stage Main category Ia Ib Ic II III IV Production . X X . X . Formulation . X X . X . Processing . . . X X . IC 5. Personal/domestic In this IC the use and application of substances in household for maintenance and care of houses, furniture, kitchenware, gardens, etc., and personal care (hygiene, make-up, etc.) is covered. In many cases chemicals used in this IC will be present in formulations, e.g. in cleaners (soaps, detergents, washing powders, etc.), cosmetics, and products for the care of leather, textile and cars. Emissions will be very diffuse and only for wastewater the emissions to an STP are regarded as a point source. The release scenario in the A-tables considers 18 specific UCs. It is assumed that emissions take place during the whole year. The application of substances for some specific purposes is covered in the following ICs at the stage of private use: • IC 9. “Mineral oil and fuel industry”: fuels and fuel additives; • IC 10. “Photographic industry”: photochemicals; • IC 14. “Paints, lacquers and varnishes industry”: paint products. Table for IC 5 of the MCs for the possible stages of the life-cycle which may be chosen on account of the UC chosen (for interpretation of the MC see Table 1): Stage Main category Ia Ib Ic II III IV Production . X X . X . Formulation . X X . X . Private use . . . . . . IC 6. Public domain This IC covers application and use of substances in a variety of places by skilled workers, such as offices, public buildings, waiting rooms, various workshops such as garages, professional cleaning and maintenance of buildings, streets, parks, etc. Most chemicals in this IC will be present in formulations, e.g. in “cleaners” (UC = 9 “Cleaning and washing agents and disinfectants”), non-agricultural biocides (UC = 39 “Biocides, nonagricultural”), and products for the maintenance of roads, buildings, etc. Different numbers of emission days are used for the identified UCs. The emissions in this IC will still be diffuse, but 211
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
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Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Table 28 continued Acute and chroni
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Page 175 and 176: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
Page 177 and 178: 4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
Page 179 and 180: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
Page 181 and 182: Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
Page 183 and 184: RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
Page 185 and 186: Classified dangerous to the Environ
Page 187 and 188: RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
Page 189 and 190: 6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 191 and 192: TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
Page 193 and 194: TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
Page 195 and 196: Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
Page 197 and 198: TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
Page 199 and 200: Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
Page 201 and 202: TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
Page 207 and 208: REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
Page 211: REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
Page 214 and 215: APPENDIX I volume imported in the E
Page 216 and 217: APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX I the number of days over
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
Page 224 and 225: APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
Page 226 and 227: APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
Page 232 and 233: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 234 and 235: APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
Page 236 and 237: APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
Page 238 and 239: APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 242 and 243: APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 248 and 249: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
Page 254 and 255: APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
Page 258 and 259: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 260 and 261: APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL/DOMESTI
Page 262 and 263: APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
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APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
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APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
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APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
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APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
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APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
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290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
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APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
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APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
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APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
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APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
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APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
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APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
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APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “bl
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APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
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APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
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APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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