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APPENDIX I volume imported in the EU - the volume exported from the EU (the substance as such, not the quantities imported in products). This is presented in Appendix I-c in 2: Tonnage. A substance can have applications in more than one industrial category (IC) and/or use category (UC). As an assessment has to be made for all relevant applications of the substance, the input of fractions for different industrial and use category combinations must be realised according to 3: Use and stages of the life-cycle in Appendix I-c. 3. Aspects of production If specific data on emissions at production are known, these can be used instead of the tables (see Appendix I-c under 4: Production characteristics at “Specific emission information”). Also for the fraction of the main source specific data may be entered, either as the capacity (tonnes/day) or as the period (days/year) in which the substance is produced (see Appendix I-c under 4: Production characteristics at “Production capacity”). 4. Aspects of formulation For this stage of the life-cycle specific data may be entered on the fraction of the main source and the emissions/emission factors, see Appendix I-c under 5: Formulation characteristics. For the emissions, a refinement may be achieved by discriminating between cleaning with/without water and soap. This has not been done yet. In case a substance is applied in a formulation at a rather low level, unrealistic values for the fraction of the main source and the number of days will be derived from the tables using the tonnage as such. Therefore a correction should be made; a suggestion is to correct the tonnage as input for the B-table in the following way. For example if the percentage of substance in the formulation is 0.1, the volume (tonnes/year) is multiplied by 100/0.1. This tonnage may then be used to estimate the fraction of the main source and the number of days using the tables. It is possible to calculate an average in the case where a range of contents has been specified. This has been worked out in Appendix I-c in 5: Formulation characteristics at “Content in formulated product”. 5. Aspects of industrial use Industrial/professional use is referred to as “processing” in the A- and B-tables. Specific data on the fraction of the main source and the emissions may be used as input (see Appendix I-c in 6: Processing characteristics). This will be repeated for every specified IC-UC combination. In case a specific scenario for an IC-UC combination exists, specific data will be asked. 6. Aspects of service life The life cycle stage service life is only considered for articles produced in textile industry. 7. Aspects of private use Specific data on the fraction of the main source and the emissions may be used (see Appendix Ic in 6: Private use characteristics). This will be possible for every specified IC-UC combination for which the stage of private use is relevant. 206
8. Aspects of waste treatment APPENDIX I Specific data on the fraction of the main source and the emissions may be used (see Appendix I-c in 6: Recovery characteristics). This will be possible for every specified IC-UC combination for which the stage of waste treatment is relevant. For waste treatment only situations where a material – which contains the chemical of interest – is recovered and processes to make it suitable for re-use in its original application (recycling) or another application are taken into account. 9. Interpretation and use of the classification in “Main categories” The main categories (MCs) were intended originally to provide a general impression of the relevance of the exposure during the whole life-cycle. The categorisation procedure outlined in Chapter 5 allows for one entry of the Main category (MC) only, for all stages of the life-cycle. In the context of environmental risk assessment Main Categories are often used to characterise release scenarios for the estimation of emissions to the environment at individual stages of the life-cycle, i.e. at production, formulation and use. They can therefore be allocated to release fractions, which are used as default values where specific information is lacking. MC I “Use in closed systems” This MC refers to the stage of production and industrial/professional use. At the stage of production a substance should be assigned only to this category if it remains within a reactor or is transferred from vessel to vessel through closed pipework. The HEDSET distinguishes between three subcategories for intermediates. For the stage of industrial/professional use this MC refers to substances that are used in closed systems, e.g. the application of a substance in a transformer or the circulation circuit of refrigerators. MC II “Use resulting in inclusion into or onto a matrix” Use consisting of inclusion into or onto matrices means all processes where chemicals are incorporated into products or articles from which they (normally) will not be released into the environment. This is applicable to the stage of formulation, e.g., when a substance is included in the emulsion layer of a photographic film. It also may refer to the stage of processing, e.g., when a paint additive ends up in the finished coating layer. MC III “Non-dispersive use” Non-dispersive use refers to chemicals which are used in such a way that only certain groups of workers, with knowledge of the process, come into contact with these chemicals. This means that the use of these chemicals is related to the number (and size) of the emission sources. So, this MC indicates industrial use at a limited number of sites (where emission reduction measures may be common practice). 207
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Institute for Health and Consumer P
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LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European C
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OVERVIEW This Technical Guidance Do
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CONTENTS 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ...
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4.2.3.4 Use of biodegradation scree
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1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROU
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION countries in t
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION PNEC is regard
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2 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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2.2 MEASURED DATA ENVIRONMENTAL EXP
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT w
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT T
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT r
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Production ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE A
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Back to processing Product at end o
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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Explanation of symbols ENVIRONMENTA
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT s
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT U
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT F
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2.3.5.1 Adsorption to aerosol parti
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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2.3.6.1 Hydrolysis ENVIRONMENTAL EX
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2.3.6.3 Photochemical reactions in
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constant of zero. However, if it ca
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT A
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT a
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Primary Settler Aeration Tank 2 5 3
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT I
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT d
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT e
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Table 10 Overview of different expo
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT -
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2.3.8.3 Calculation of PEClocal for
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT W
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Guidance for calculating PEClocal i
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Concentration (% of initial) 160 14
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Calculation of PEClocalsoil For soi
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ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
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Output ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE ASSES
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3 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTI
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3.2.1.1 Completeness of data New su
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • it is clearl
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT 3.3 EFFECTS ASSE
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Table 16 Assessment factors to deri
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Input data EFFECTS ASSESSMENT The m
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Estimation of the PNEC The PNEC is
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT biodegradability
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Table 17 Test systems for derivatio
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT representative o
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In the partitioning method, it is a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT As mentioned in
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3.6.2.1 Calculation of PNEC using t
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3.7 EFFECTS ASSESSMENT FOR THE AIR
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT procedure availa
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT bioaccumulation
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT For some chemica
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT i.e. without enh
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Conversion factors for laboratory a
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT • relative sen
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EFFECTS ASSESSMENT Earthworms are a
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT environment
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of equal rel
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4.2.3.3 Marine biodegradation simul
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT In addition
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Explanation of symbols MARINE RISK
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT evaluate the
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT marine water
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The addition
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT Statistical
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MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT sediment, fo
Page 163 and 164: Table 27 Assessment factors for der
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Page 167 and 168: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT of different
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Page 175 and 176: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT The use of t
Page 177 and 178: 4.4.4.2 Assessment of measured BCF
Page 179 and 180: MARINE RISK ASSESSMENT required to
Page 181 and 182: Table 33 Overview of PEC/PNEC ratio
Page 183 and 184: RISK CHARACTERISATION If a refineme
Page 185 and 186: Classified dangerous to the Environ
Page 187 and 188: RISK CHARACTERISATION eaters. This
Page 189 and 190: 6 TESTING STRATEGIES 6.1 INTRODUCTI
Page 191 and 192: TESTING STRATEGIES Performance of a
Page 193 and 194: TESTING STRATEGIES Care must be tak
Page 195 and 196: Algal testing Algae toxicity test (
Page 197 and 198: TESTING STRATEGIES • long-term te
Page 199 and 200: Microbial assays TESTING STRATEGIES
Page 201 and 202: TESTING STRATEGIES A soil bioassay
Page 203 and 204: REFERENCES Brandes LJ, den Hollande
Page 205 and 206: REFERENCES IPCS (2000). Framework f
Page 207 and 208: REFERENCES OECD (1984f). Activated
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Pack S. (1993). A review
Page 211: REFERENCES US EPA (1996). Whole Sed
Page 216 and 217: APPENDIX I MC IV “Wide dispersive
Page 218 and 219: APPENDIX I 210 Stage Main category
Page 220 and 221: APPENDIX I the number of days over
Page 222 and 223: APPENDIX I Stage Main category Ia I
Page 224 and 225: APPENDIX I manufacturing of motor c
Page 226 and 227: APPENDIX I 1. extension of the tabl
Page 228 and 229: APPENDIX I 220 A-tables Estimates f
Page 230 and 231: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Not applicab
Page 232 and 233: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
Page 234 and 235: APPENDIX I IC = 5: PERSONAL /DOMEST
Page 236 and 237: APPENDIX I Table A4.1 continued Com
Page 238 and 239: APPENDIX I IC = 7: LEATHER PROCESSI
Page 240 and 241: APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
Page 242 and 243: APPENDIX I WASTE TREATMENT Table A5
Page 244 and 245: APPENDIX I For the emission factors
Page 246 and 247: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 248 and 249: APPENDIX I INDUSTRIAL USE Table A3.
Page 250 and 251: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A4.5 C
Page 252 and 253: APPENDIX I PRIVATE USE Table A3.16
Page 254 and 255: APPENDIX I 246 B-tables Estimates f
Page 256 and 257: APPENDIX I FORMULATION Table B2.2 f
Page 258 and 259: APPENDIX I IC = 3: CHEMICAL INDUSTR
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APPENDIX I IC = 9: MINERAL OIL AND
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APPENDIX I IC = 11: POLYMERS INDUST
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APPENDIX I IC =13: TEXTILE PROCESSI
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APPENDIX I IC = 16: ENGINEERING IND
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-a: List of sy
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APPENDIX I No. Use Category No. Fun
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APPENDIX I Appendix I-b: List of sy
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APPENDIX I 290 Organic intermediate
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APPENDIX I Other IC/UC combinations
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APPENDIX II Appendix II Fate of che
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APPENDIX II b) Inherent biodegradab
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APPENDIX II log H % removal -4 -3 -
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APPENDIX III Appendix III Evaluatio
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APPENDIX III Field studies In gener
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APPENDIX IV together the mentioned
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290 Table 1 Selected soil test meth
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292 Table 1 continued Selected soil
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298 Table 1 Selected freshwater sed
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APPENDIX VII Appendix VII Toxicity
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APPENDIX VIII collection), and that
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APPENDIX VIII chemicals (see Sectio
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APPENDIX VIII Multimedia fate model
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APPENDIX VIII Monitoring data Metal
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APPENDIX VIII homeostatic regulatio
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APPENDIX IX based on the proportion
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APPENDIX IX Definition of “blocks
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APPENDIX IX these “blocks” will
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APPENDIX IX and PNECs for the “bl
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APPENDIX XI Appendix XI Environment
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APPENDIX XII Appendix XII Connectio
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APPENDIX XII +40% compared to 1992.
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APPENDIX XIII other substance is be
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APPENDIX XIV Taxonomic group No. of
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