Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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140 José M. Rojo, José L. Mesa and Teófilo Rojo [44] Cheung, T.T.P., Soos, Z.G., Dietz, R.E. and Merrit, F.R. Phys. Pev. 1978, B17, 1266. [45] van Vleck, J.H. The Theory of Electrical and Magnetic Susceptibilities, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1932. [46] Rushbrooke, G.S. and Wood, P.J. Mol. Phys. 1963, 6, 409. [47] Hitzfeld, M., Zieman, P., Buckel, W. and Claus, H. Phys. Rev. 1984, B29, 5023. [48] Rojo, J.M.; Pizarro, J.L., Rodríguez-Martínez, L.M., Fernández-Díaz, M.T., Rodríguez- Fernández, J., Arriortua, M.I., Rojo, T. J. Mater. Chem. 2004, 14, 992. [49] Rojo, J.M.; Pizarro, J.L., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Greneche, J.M., Arriortua, M.I., Fernández- Díaz, M.T., Rojo, T. J. Mater. Chem. 2003, 13, 1723. [50] Kopinga, K., Borm, P.W.M. and De Jonge, W.J.M. Phys. Rev B 1974, 10(1), 4690. [51] Anderson, P.W., Magnetism, ed. Rado, G. and Suhl, H. vol. 1, Academia Press, San Diego, 1963. [52] Forsyth, J.B., Jonson, C.E. and Wilkinson, C J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys 1970, 3, 1127. [53] Bertaut, E.F. Acta Crystallogr., Sect A, 1968, 24, 217. [54] Battle, P.D., Gibb, T.C., Nixon, S. and Harrinson, W.T.A. J. Solid State Chem. 1988, 75, 21. [55] Attfield, J.P., Battle, P.D., Cheetham, A.K. and Johnson, D.C. Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 1207. [56] Battle, P.D., Giba, T.C. and Lightfoot, J. Soli State Chem. 1980, 84, 271. [57] Riou-Cavellec, M., Riou, D. and Ferey, G. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1999, 291, 317. [58] Mays, J.M. Phys. Rev. 1963, 131, 38. [59] Battle, J.P.D., Cheetham, A.K., Harrison, W.T.A., Pollard, N.J. and Faber J. Solid State Chem. 1985, 55, 221; Fanjat, N., Barj, M., Schaerpf, O and Lucazeu, G., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1993, 54, 1515; Yamauchi, T. and Ueda, J. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1998, 177- 181, 705. [60] Tishin, A.M. and Spichkin, Y.I. The Magnetocaloric Effects and its Applications, IOP Publishing Ltd. 2003.
In: Developments in Ceramic Materials Research ISBN 978-1-60021-770-8 Editor: Dena Rosslere, pp. 141-172 © 2007 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 5 THE USE OF CERAMIC POTS IN OLD WORSHIP PLACES Dimitris Skarlatos 1 , Tilemachos Zakinthinos 2 and Ioanis Koumanoudis 3 1 University of Patras, Greece 2 University of Patras, Greece 3 Fellow of N.T.U.A., Greece ABSTRACT During the Romanesque and Gothic time, certain churches and mosques were fitted with ceramic pots embedded in the walls or in the ceiling vaults. The purpose of this action was probably related to acoustic problems, since ceramic pots were the only available way to control and adjust the acoustic response of large rooms. Their effectiveness though is still unknown. Research in old orthodox churches in Greece was performed to investigate the kind of ceramic pots used, the way of embedding on the wall and finally their effect based on most of the acoustic indexes used today for the determination of the acoustic quality in a room. The results were compared with other research performed in Churches and Mosques in other countries. An analysis of the impulse response of closed spaces with and without ceramic pots, which actually are Helmholtz resonators, showed that their effect on the acoustic quality of a room is rather poor. Their effectiveness is restricted mainly to the low frequency region. A selective amplification of sound in the near field of resonators was observed as well as a small attenuation in the reverberant part of the field in the resonant frequency and near a higher overtone. A remarkable increase of Clarity and Definition at resonant frequency was also observed. A computer simulation program, based on energy coupling method between the pots and the room, showed that the number of pots per unit volume is the most important parameter that affects the sound quality. 1. INTRODUCTION During the Romanesque and Gothic period certain churches and mosques were fitted with ceramic vases [1-10]. The purpose of this action was probably related to acoustic problems in
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PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
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Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
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242 Development of Display Technolo
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244 Li Chen technology moved to the
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