Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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268 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G. Cappelletti et al. of the ion increases progressively thus making the reticular substitution more difficult and shifted at higher temperatures. Figure 3 reports also, as inset, the photographs of the pigments, to show their actual colour. Both Fe- and Pr-doped powders show the desired pigment colour, red and yellow, respectively; V-doped zircon, instead, presents a dark green shade of colour which is not the desired blue. This argument will be resumed in the following in the discussing Figure 6 and in the subsequent part. Figure 4 reports the specific surface areas of the precursors before the calcination step. The surface areas decrease progressively in passing from the un-doped sample to the metal doped with a sequence: Pr>Fe>V. This sequence represents, with an inverse trend, the same effects observed for the structural features. The “structuring” role of the metals, observed in the X-ray patterns, is mirrored by a change in the morphological features of the gel, which apparently becomes more compact and intertwined the more structure promoting the metal is. Consistent informations can be obtained by examining SEM micrographs of the pigments calcined at 1200°C. In the case of Pr-doped samples (Figure 5a) large shapeless aggregates, composed by rounded particles can be appreciated. The most apparent feature in this micrograph is the presence of a covering layer on top of the particles. It must be recalled that in the case of this sample SiO2 is still amorphous for about the 80 % of the initial amount. The aspect of the powder changes significantly in the case of Fe-doped samples (Figure 5b). No more “covering” effects are appreciable, possibly because in this sample the fraction of amorphous silica is much lower (about 40%). The particles are well defined (average size in the range of 100-200 nm), with a spheroidal or prismatic shape. In the case of V-doped pigments (Figure 5c) the morphology is remarkably different and shows the advanced growth of the V-doped pigment: the particles are much bigger, possibly aggregates of smaller ones, spheroidal or rounded off twins with a relatively large size distribution. Figure 4. Trend of BET surface areas for undoped and doped (V, Pr, Fe) sol-gel precursors at 0.02 metal/Zr molar ratio.
Coloured ZrSiO4 Ceramic Pigments 269 Figure 5. SEM images of 1200°C calcined samples a) Pr 0.02, b) Fe 0.02 and c) V 0.02. Colour Properties The diffuse reflectance spectra of the three families of pigments have been elaborated to give the L*, a*and b* parameters (CIE) to assess their colour (Figure 6), as a function of the dopant amount. Pr- doped compounds are all grouped at the positive side of the b* axis, in correspondence of the large and positive L* values, indicating that all materials show a light yellow colour, not largely affected by the dopant content. In the case of iron as the guest metal, the pigments are red (positive a* axis) and their colour becomes more intense (lower
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DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS R
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Copyright © 2007 by Nova Science P
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PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
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Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
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Preface xi spectra and the directio
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2 Leslie G. Cecil comprehensive dat
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4 Leslie G. Cecil Ringle et al. (19
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6 Leslie G. Cecil The main architec
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8 Leslie G. Cecil can study “the
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10 Leslie G. Cecil Middleton et al.
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12 Leslie G. Cecil The laser ablate
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14 Leslie G. Cecil There are two ge
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16 Leslie G. Cecil distinct recipes
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18 Leslie G. Cecil second group (Fi
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20 Leslie G. Cecil The Vitzil-Orang
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22 Leslie G. Cecil Table 3. Mahalan
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24 Leslie G. Cecil Ixlú and Ch’i
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26 Leslie G. Cecil structures (D. R
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28 Leslie G. Cecil paste and Macanc
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30 Leslie G. Cecil Bieber, A. M. Jr
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32 Leslie G. Cecil Kepecs, S. M., a
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34 Leslie G. Cecil Schele, L., Grub
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36 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
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54 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
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62 I, % 100 80 60 40 20 0 T. T. Bas
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68 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 T. T. Basie
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70 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 0.1 0.01 0.
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78 k, cm -1 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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82 Photon counts 300 250 200 150 10
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84 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
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86 ln(I transfer (t)) -4.2 -4.4 -4.
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88 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
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In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
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a c Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Ma
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Transmission Transmission Transmiss
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Sm (J/Kmol) Sm (J/Kmol) 15 10 5 Syn
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Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 8
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The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
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3.2. Wall-in Positions The Use of C
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IACC ( τ ) = t2 ∫ The Use of Cer
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where σ res is the scattering cros
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D50 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 The Use
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Definition (D50) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.
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Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
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q x = Modeling of Thermal Transport
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212 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
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Page 256 and 257: 242 Development of Display Technolo
Page 258 and 259: 244 Li Chen technology moved to the
Page 260 and 261: 246 Li Chen The continuing evolutio
Page 262 and 263: 248 Li Chen the back contact cathod
Page 264 and 265: 250 Li Chen Figure 3. Vertical side
Page 266 and 267: 252 Li Chen Figure 6. Molybdenum mi
Page 268 and 269: 254 Li Chen Figure 8(a). I-V curve
Page 270 and 271: 256 Li Chen Figure 9. Life time tes
Page 272 and 273: 258 Figure 11(a). Plasma generated
Page 274 and 275: 260 Li Chen [13] C.A. Spindt, K.R.
Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
Page 295 and 296: A absorption spectra, 66, 67, 77, 7
Page 297 and 298: correlation function, 156 corrosion
Page 299 and 300: group membership, 13, 20, 21, 22, 2
Page 301 and 302: microstructure(s), x, xi, 73, 74, 2
Page 303 and 304: efraction index, 61 refractive inde
Page 305 and 306: time, vii, ix, 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, 26,
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Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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