Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

More documents

Recommendations

Info

154 Dimitris Skarlatos, Tilemachos Zakinthinos and Ioanis Koumanoudis Figure 12. Church of Kareas Attica. The letters denote the position of pots. Figure 13. Pots in a church located on Greek islands: Sifnos (left), Patmos (right, up), Lefkas (right, down). a.7. Single-aisle Dome Basilicas- The vases are walled-in on the lateral walls and on the crests of the dome. a.8. Square dome churches- The vases are walled-in mainly on the crests of the dome and occasionally on the panels of the North and South parts. a.9. Octagonal churches- The sound vases are occasionally found in various points of the domes and walls.
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Worship Places 155 a.10. Cavernous churches- The sound vases are situated on every part of the church, without determinism or acoustic purpose. a.11. Hexagonal churches- The vases are walled-in in every dome structure and are of any shape, mainly on the crests of domes and of bucklers in general. The number of walled-in vases does not depend on the size of the churches, or their position. The difference between Greece and other countries – not neighbouring - that the vases are walled-in at different positions, in the walls and domes. Perhaps this arises from the fact that there are different architectural types of the churches. 4. QUALITY OF SOUND IN ROOMS The propriety of the sound field that is related to certain hearing impressions is an object of psychoacoustics. The physical parameters that describe the so-called “sound quality” in a room can be described by a set of objective parameters called indexes. These indexes according to the procedure from which they can be derived, are divided into categories. All of them can be evaluated from the impulse response of the room. In the acoustical assessment of concert halls, and other public spaces, reverberation time has long been known to be the most important parameter to judge the acoustic quality of a room. The reverberation time T60 is derived from the decay curve and is defined as the time for the sound to die away to a level 60 dB below its original level. This quantity can be measured using the Schroeder integrated impulse response technique [40]. Instead of reverberation time T10, T20 and T30 are measured. The three reverberation times are used when the impulse is of low level and T60 cannot be measured. These parameters show the reverberation time in a part of the response curve, which is usually more useful. T10 is derived from the decay curve section between –5 dB and –15 dB below the initial level. From the corresponding slope, T10 is calculated as the time to reach –60dB. T10 can be used to measure for instance vibrations or loss factors in building structures. Most practical T10 values range from 0.005 to 10 s. Proportionally, T20 is derived from the decay curve section between –5 dB and –25 dB below the initial level. For T30 the same holds, but with –35 instead of –25 dB. From the corresponding slope, T20 and T30 are calculated as the time to reach –60 dB. Most practical T20 and T30 values range from 0.1 to 10 s. Most of the time, these three parameters don’t have the same value for the same room and that is because of the field which is not diffuse. Besides, for the same time, for different points in a room, according to the spot of the microphone, the three parameters have different values due to the different types of the fields in the room. Thus, in order to measure an unreliable reverberation time, we measure it at many points and we calculate the mean value. Another useful index is the EDT. The EDT is a magnitude that takes into account the early reflections, which are the most important, and affect a lot the acoustics of a room. We use it when the slope of the reduction rate is not smooth enough. The EDT is derived from the decay curve section between 0 dB and –10 dB below the initial level. From the corresponding slope, the EDT is calculated as the time to reach –60dB. It is closely related to the initial and
Page 3:
DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS R
Page 6 and 7:
Copyright © 2007 by Nova Science P
Page 9 and 10:
PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
Page 11 and 12:
Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
Page 13:
Preface xi spectra and the directio
Page 16 and 17:
2 Leslie G. Cecil comprehensive dat
Page 18 and 19:
4 Leslie G. Cecil Ringle et al. (19
Page 20 and 21:
6 Leslie G. Cecil The main architec
Page 22 and 23:
8 Leslie G. Cecil can study “the
Page 24 and 25:
10 Leslie G. Cecil Middleton et al.
Page 26 and 27:
12 Leslie G. Cecil The laser ablate
Page 28 and 29:
14 Leslie G. Cecil There are two ge
Page 30 and 31:
16 Leslie G. Cecil distinct recipes
Page 32 and 33:
18 Leslie G. Cecil second group (Fi
Page 34 and 35:
20 Leslie G. Cecil The Vitzil-Orang
Page 36 and 37:
22 Leslie G. Cecil Table 3. Mahalan
Page 38 and 39:
24 Leslie G. Cecil Ixlú and Ch’i
Page 40 and 41:
26 Leslie G. Cecil structures (D. R
Page 42 and 43:
28 Leslie G. Cecil paste and Macanc
Page 44 and 45:
30 Leslie G. Cecil Bieber, A. M. Jr
Page 46 and 47:
32 Leslie G. Cecil Kepecs, S. M., a
Page 48 and 49:
34 Leslie G. Cecil Schele, L., Grub
Page 50 and 51:
36 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
54 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
62 I, % 100 80 60 40 20 0 T. T. Bas
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
68 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 T. T. Basie
Page 84 and 85:
70 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 0.1 0.01 0.
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
78 k, cm -1 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
82 Photon counts 300 250 200 150 10
Page 98 and 99:
84 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
Page 100 and 101:
86 ln(I transfer (t)) -4.2 -4.4 -4.
Page 102 and 103:
88 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 111 and 112:
In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
Page 113 and 114:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
Page 115 and 116:
a c Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Ma
Page 117 and 118: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
Page 119 and 120: Transmission Transmission Transmiss
Page 137 and 138: Sm (J/Kmol) Sm (J/Kmol) 15 10 5 Syn
Page 145 and 146: Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 8
Page 155 and 156: In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
Page 157 and 158: The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
Page 163 and 164: 3.2. Wall-in Positions The Use of C
Page 167: The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
Page 171 and 172: IACC ( τ ) = t2 ∫ The Use of Cer
Page 175 and 176: where σ res is the scattering cros
Page 179 and 180: D50 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 The Use
Page 181 and 182: Definition (D50) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.
Page 187 and 188: In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
Page 189 and 190: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
Page 205 and 206: q x = Modeling of Thermal Transport
Page 219 and 220:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223:
Page 226 and 227:
212 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
220 ε S 33 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
242 Development of Display Technolo
Page 258 and 259:
244 Li Chen technology moved to the
Page 260 and 261:
246 Li Chen The continuing evolutio
Page 262 and 263:
248 Li Chen the back contact cathod
Page 264 and 265:
250 Li Chen Figure 3. Vertical side
Page 266 and 267:
252 Li Chen Figure 6. Molybdenum mi
Page 268 and 269:
254 Li Chen Figure 8(a). I-V curve
Page 270 and 271:
256 Li Chen Figure 9. Life time tes
Page 272 and 273:
258 Figure 11(a). Plasma generated
Page 274 and 275:
260 Li Chen [13] C.A. Spindt, K.R.
Page 276 and 277:
262 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 295 and 296:
A absorption spectra, 66, 67, 77, 7
Page 297 and 298:
correlation function, 156 corrosion
Page 299 and 300:
group membership, 13, 20, 21, 22, 2
Page 301 and 302:
microstructure(s), x, xi, 73, 74, 2
Page 303 and 304:
efraction index, 61 refractive inde
Page 305 and 306:
time, vii, ix, 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, 26,
show all

Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?