240 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens and C. R. Bowen [20] Bowen, C.R, Parry, A, Kara, H and Mahon, S.W, J. European Ceram. Soc. 2001, 21, 1463-1467. [21] Ramesh, R, Kara, H and Bowen, C.R, Ferroelectrics 2002, 273, 383-388. [22] Hayward, G and Hossack, J.A, IEEE Trans. Ultason. Ferroelec. Freq. Control, 1991, 38, 618-629. [23] Ramesh, R, Durga Prasad, C, V<strong>in</strong>od Kumar, T.K, Gavane, L.A and Vishnubhatla, R.M.R, Ultrasonics 2006, 44, 341-349. [24] Qi, W and Cao, W, Ultrasonic imag<strong>in</strong>g, 1996, 18, 1-9. [25] Ramesh, R, Kara, H, Stevens, R, Jayasundare, N, Humphrey’V and Bowen, C.R, Integrated Ferroelectrics 2004, 64, 201-206. [26] Tuttle, B.A, Smay, J.E, Cesarano, J.D, Voigt, J.A and Olson, W.R, 25th Ann. Int. Conf. on Advanced <strong>Ceramic</strong>s and Composites, January 21-26, 2001, Cocoa Beach, Florida. [27] Safari, A, Danforth, S.C, Jafari, M and Allahverdi, M, 25th Ann. Int. Conf. on Advanced <strong>Ceramic</strong>s and Composites, January 21-26, 2001, Cocoa Beach, Florida. [28] Rittenmyer, K, Shrout, T, Schulze, W.A and Newnham, R.E, Ferroelectrics 41, 1982, 189-195. [29] Sk<strong>in</strong>ner, D.P, Newnham, R.E, Cross, L.E, Mat. Res. Bull., 13, 1978, 599-607. [30] Creedon, M.J, Gopalakrishnan, S and Schulze, W.A, Ferroelectrics 1995, 299-302. [31] J. Saggio-Woyansky, Scott, C.E and M<strong>in</strong>near, W.P, American <strong>Ceramic</strong> Society Bullet<strong>in</strong>, 71, 1992, 1674-1682. [32] Bowen, C.R and Kara, H, <strong>Materials</strong> Chemistry and Physics, 75, 2002,.45-49. [33] Bowen, C.R, Perry, A, Kara, H and Mahon, S.W, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21, 2001,1463- 1467. [34] Smith, W.A, Shaulov, A.A and Auld, B.A, Ferroelectrics 91, 1989, 155. [35] IEEE Standard on piezoelectricity ANSI/ IEEE Std – 176, 1978, The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Eng<strong>in</strong>eers Inc, New York. [36] Banno, H, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part I, 32, 1993, 4214-4217. [37] Dunn, M.L and Taya, M, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 1993, 1697-1706. [38] Hayward, G and Hossack, J.A, IEEE Trans. Ultason. Ferroelec. Freq. Control, 38, 1991, 618-629. [39] Ramesh, R, Kara, H and Bowen, C.R, Computational <strong>Materials</strong> Science, 30, 2004, 397- 403. [40] Ramesh, R, Kara, H and Bowen, C.R, Ultrasonics 43, 2005, 173-181. [41] Hydrophones – their characteristics and applications, <strong>in</strong> Introduction to underwater acoustics, Band K Application note, Bruel and Kjaer, Denmark. [42] Berl<strong>in</strong>court, D and Krueger, H.H.A, Important properties of Morgan Matroc piezoelectric ceramics, TP-226, Morgan Matroc Ltd. U.K [43] Creedon, M.J and Schulze, W.A, Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics 1996, 527-530. [44] Creedon, M.J, Gopalakrishnan, S and Schulze, W.A, Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics 1995, 299-302. [45] Lange, F.F and Miller, K.T, Adv. Ceram. Mater. 2, 1987, 827–31. [46] Kara, H, Perry, A, Stevens, R and Bowen, C.R, Ferroelectrics 265, 2002, 317-332.
In: <strong>Developments</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Ceramic</strong> <strong>Materials</strong> <strong>Research</strong> ISBN 978-1-60021-770-8 Editor: Dena Rosslere, pp. 241-260 © 2007 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 8 FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY ON CERAMIC Li Chen The University of York, Hesl<strong>in</strong>gton, York, YO10 5DD, UK ABSTRACT Scientific advances concern<strong>in</strong>g many ceramic materials have enabled technological breakthroughs globally. The superior comb<strong>in</strong>ations of thermal, <strong>in</strong>sulat<strong>in</strong>g, electrical and mechanical properties have become the basis of huge applications <strong>in</strong> the packag<strong>in</strong>g of microelectronics and power semiconductors. M<strong>in</strong>iaturization and <strong>in</strong>tegration of metal via <strong>in</strong>to ceramic substrate make it feasible to construct multilayer circuit <strong>in</strong>ter connections. This advantage provides the possibility to mount electronics component and circuitry directly onto both side of ceramic substrate. This packag<strong>in</strong>g advance makes ceramic very attractive to field emission display application. Field emission display is able to comb<strong>in</strong>e the high quality images and large view<strong>in</strong>g angles of cathode ray tube, while deliver<strong>in</strong>g it <strong>in</strong> the flatness attributed to liquid crystal display, and utiliz<strong>in</strong>g just a fraction of the electrical power required by plasma display panel. Field emission display is predicted to be one of the most promis<strong>in</strong>g flat panel displays that will take off <strong>in</strong> the future. Currently rely<strong>in</strong>g on the semiconductor th<strong>in</strong> film micro-fabrication technology, field emission displays are fabricated mostly on soda-lime glass substrate. Although this is compatible to the liquid crystal display technology, the row and column electrodes of a field emission display have to be allocated to the sides of glass substrate. Furthermore, the exist<strong>in</strong>g technology still has difficulties to deliver large area micro field emitters with acceptable uniformity. If the key components of micro field emitter matrix pixels can be produced entirely on the front side of ceramic substrate, and are electrically connected to the backside drive and control circuit through the micro via, this allows construction of micro field emitters right up to the edge of ceramic substrate. In addition, a large size display can be constructed by til<strong>in</strong>g ceramic substrates precisely. In this chapter, the micro-fabrication of field emitters on ceramic substrate is presented. Electron emission characteristics of these micro field emitters were studied, and results from the microstructures are analysed.
- Page 3:
DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS R
- Page 6 and 7:
Copyright © 2007 by Nova Science P
- Page 9 and 10:
PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
- Page 11 and 12:
Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
- Page 13:
Preface xi spectra and the directio
- Page 16 and 17:
2 Leslie G. Cecil comprehensive dat
- Page 18 and 19:
4 Leslie G. Cecil Ringle et al. (19
- Page 20 and 21:
6 Leslie G. Cecil The main architec
- Page 22 and 23:
8 Leslie G. Cecil can study “the
- Page 24 and 25:
10 Leslie G. Cecil Middleton et al.
- Page 26 and 27:
12 Leslie G. Cecil The laser ablate
- Page 28 and 29:
14 Leslie G. Cecil There are two ge
- Page 30 and 31:
16 Leslie G. Cecil distinct recipes
- Page 32 and 33:
18 Leslie G. Cecil second group (Fi
- Page 34 and 35:
20 Leslie G. Cecil The Vitzil-Orang
- Page 36 and 37:
22 Leslie G. Cecil Table 3. Mahalan
- Page 38 and 39:
24 Leslie G. Cecil Ixlú and Ch’i
- Page 40 and 41:
26 Leslie G. Cecil structures (D. R
- Page 42 and 43:
28 Leslie G. Cecil paste and Macanc
- Page 44 and 45:
30 Leslie G. Cecil Bieber, A. M. Jr
- Page 46 and 47:
32 Leslie G. Cecil Kepecs, S. M., a
- Page 48 and 49:
34 Leslie G. Cecil Schele, L., Grub
- Page 50 and 51:
36 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 52 and 53:
38 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 54 and 55:
40 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 56 and 57:
42 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 58 and 59:
44 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 60 and 61:
46 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 62 and 63:
48 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 64 and 65:
50 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 66 and 67:
52 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
- Page 68 and 69:
54 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 70 and 71:
56 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 72 and 73:
58 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 74 and 75:
60 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 76 and 77:
62 I, % 100 80 60 40 20 0 T. T. Bas
- Page 78 and 79:
64 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 80 and 81:
66 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 82 and 83:
68 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 T. T. Basie
- Page 84 and 85:
70 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 0.1 0.01 0.
- Page 86 and 87:
72 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 88 and 89:
74 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 90 and 91:
76 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 92 and 93:
78 k, cm -1 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
- Page 94 and 95:
80 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 96 and 97:
82 Photon counts 300 250 200 150 10
- Page 98 and 99:
84 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
- Page 100 and 101:
86 ln(I transfer (t)) -4.2 -4.4 -4.
- Page 102 and 103:
88 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
- Page 104 and 105:
90 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 106 and 107:
92 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 108 and 109:
94 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
- Page 111 and 112:
In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
- Page 113 and 114:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 115 and 116:
a c Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Ma
- Page 117 and 118:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 119 and 120:
Transmission Transmission Transmiss
- Page 121 and 122:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 123 and 124:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 125 and 126:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 127 and 128:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 129 and 130:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 131 and 132:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 133 and 134:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 135 and 136:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 137 and 138:
Sm (J/Kmol) Sm (J/Kmol) 15 10 5 Syn
- Page 139 and 140:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 141 and 142:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 143 and 144:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 145 and 146:
Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 8
- Page 147 and 148:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 149 and 150:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 151 and 152:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 153 and 154:
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
- Page 155 and 156:
In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
- Page 157 and 158:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 159 and 160:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 161 and 162:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 163 and 164:
3.2. Wall-in Positions The Use of C
- Page 165 and 166:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 167 and 168:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 169 and 170:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 171 and 172:
IACC ( τ ) = t2 ∫ The Use of Cer
- Page 173 and 174:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 175 and 176:
where σ res is the scattering cros
- Page 177 and 178:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 179 and 180:
D50 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 The Use
- Page 181 and 182:
Definition (D50) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.
- Page 183 and 184:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 185 and 186:
The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
- Page 187 and 188:
In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
- Page 189 and 190:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 191 and 192:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 193 and 194:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 195 and 196:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 197 and 198:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 199 and 200:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 201 and 202:
Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 203 and 204: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 205 and 206: q x = Modeling of Thermal Transport
- Page 207 and 208: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 209 and 210: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 211 and 212: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 213 and 214: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 215 and 216: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 217 and 218: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 219 and 220: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 221 and 222: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 223: Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
- Page 226 and 227: 212 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 228 and 229: 214 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 230 and 231: 216 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 232 and 233: 218 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 234 and 235: 220 ε S 33 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron
- Page 236 and 237: 222 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 238 and 239: 224 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 240 and 241: 226 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 242 and 243: 228 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 244 and 245: 230 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 246 and 247: 232 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 248 and 249: 234 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 250 and 251: 236 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 252 and 253: 238 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
- Page 256 and 257: 242 Development of Display Technolo
- Page 258 and 259: 244 Li Chen technology moved to the
- Page 260 and 261: 246 Li Chen The continuing evolutio
- Page 262 and 263: 248 Li Chen the back contact cathod
- Page 264 and 265: 250 Li Chen Figure 3. Vertical side
- Page 266 and 267: 252 Li Chen Figure 6. Molybdenum mi
- Page 268 and 269: 254 Li Chen Figure 8(a). I-V curve
- Page 270 and 271: 256 Li Chen Figure 9. Life time tes
- Page 272 and 273: 258 Figure 11(a). Plasma generated
- Page 274 and 275: 260 Li Chen [13] C.A. Spindt, K.R.
- Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 278 and 279: 264 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 280 and 281: 266 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 282 and 283: 268 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 284 and 285: 270 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 286 and 287: 272 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 288 and 289: 274 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 290 and 291: 276 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 292 and 293: 278 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
- Page 295 and 296: A absorption spectra, 66, 67, 77, 7
- Page 297 and 298: correlation function, 156 corrosion
- Page 299 and 300: group membership, 13, 20, 21, 22, 2
- Page 301 and 302: microstructure(s), x, xi, 73, 74, 2
- Page 303 and 304: efraction index, 61 refractive inde
- Page 305 and 306:
time, vii, ix, 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, 26,