Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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78 k, cm -1 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K. V. Dykel’skii et al. Gd 2 O 2 S:Nd 3+ (0.1 %) d=0.175 cm 4 I9/2 --> 4 G7/2 ΔE min = 1517 cm -1 1-1' 0 535 540 585 590 595 600 605 610 λ, nm 4 I9/2 --> 4 G5/2 4 I9/2 --> 2 G7/2 1- 4' Figure 23. Absorption spectra of the Gd 2O 2S:Nd 3+ (0.1 wt%) oxysulfide optical ceramics at the 4 I9/2→ 4 G 7/2, 4 I 9/2→ 2 G 7/2, and 4 I 9/2→ 4 G 5/2 transitions at 77 K (gray curve) and 300 K (black curve). Fluorescence, a.u. 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Figure 24 (Continued). 1078.4 2'-1 1075.3 2'-2 2'-3 1080.8 1085 1087.3 1'-1 1'-2 λ, nm 1-1' Gd 2 O 2 S:Nd 3+ (0.1%) 4 F3/2 --> 4 I 11/2 T=300 K T=77 K 0 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 a 1097.2 1100.2 a)
Fluorescence, a.u. Optical Fluoride and Oxysulfide Ceramics: Preparation and Characterization 79 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 1071.1 1074.5 1076.2 1080.2 1082.4 1092.8 1090.1 La 2 O 2 S:Nd 3+ (1%) 4 F3/2 --> 4 I 11/2 T=300 K T=77 K 0 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 b Figure 24. Fluorescence spectra of the 4 F 3/2→ 4 I 11/2 transition in Gd 2O 2S:Nd 3+ (0.1 wt%)—a and La2O 2S:Nd 3+ (1 wt%)—b under 812 nm laser excitation at 77 and 300 K. The fluorescence spectrum at the 4 F3/2→ 4 I11/2 transition is measured with high spectral resolution in Gd2O2S:Nd 3+ (0.1 wt%) (Figure 24a) and La2O2S:Nd 3+ (1 wt%) (Figure 24b) at 77 and 300 K using CW diode laser excitation. The positions of the three lowest CF levels of the 4 I11/2 manifold are found in the Gd2O2S:Nd 3+ ceramics (Figure 22). The fluorescence spectral lines measured at the 4 F3/2→ 4 I11/2 CF level transitions in the Gd2O2S:Nd 3+ (0.1 wt%) optical ceramics at 77 and 300 K are much more narrow (Figure 24a) comparing to those in the La2O2S:Nd 3+ (1 wt%) optical ceramics (Figure 24b), because of the same reasons as in the case of absorption spectra. MULTIPHONON RELAXATION IN OXYSULFIDE CERAMICS [49] The 4 I11/2 state can be potentially a bottleneck during 1-μm lasing and gives rise to transient absorption at laser wavelength. So, the faster the rate of multiphonon relaxation (MR), faster the depletion of the 4 I11/2 level and the smaller the losses [50]. It is a well-known fact that the energy gaps of the 4 G7/2→ 4 G5/2; 2 G7/2 and the 4 I11/2→ 4 I9/2 transitions of Nd 3+ are nearly the same in oxide (ħωmax = 800 cm -1 ) and fluoride (ħωmax = 400 cm -1 ) crystals and their relaxation rates are mostly determined by MR. The cut-off frequencies about 440 and 400 cm −1 , respectively, are found from Raman spectra of the Gd2O2S and La2O2S optical ceramics doped by Nd 3+ (Figure 25). Highly sensitive Raman spectrometer with photon counting is used for measurements. The value ωmax for the La2O2S optical ceramics is in a good agreement with that measured in the La2O2S crystal [51]. Therefore, one can estimate the rate of the 4 I11/2→ 4 I9/2 transition from the rate of the 4 G7/2→ 4 G5/2; 2 G7/2 b)
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DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS R
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Copyright © 2007 by Nova Science P
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PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
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Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
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Preface xi spectra and the directio
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2 Leslie G. Cecil comprehensive dat
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4 Leslie G. Cecil Ringle et al. (19
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6 Leslie G. Cecil The main architec
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8 Leslie G. Cecil can study “the
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10 Leslie G. Cecil Middleton et al.
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12 Leslie G. Cecil The laser ablate
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14 Leslie G. Cecil There are two ge
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16 Leslie G. Cecil distinct recipes
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18 Leslie G. Cecil second group (Fi
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20 Leslie G. Cecil The Vitzil-Orang
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22 Leslie G. Cecil Table 3. Mahalan
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24 Leslie G. Cecil Ixlú and Ch’i
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26 Leslie G. Cecil structures (D. R
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Page 50 and 51: 36 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Tread
Page 68 and 69: 54 T. T. Basiev, V. A. Demidenko, K
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Page 82 and 83: 68 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 T. T. Basie
Page 84 and 85: 70 Fluorescence, a.u. 1 0.1 0.01 0.
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Page 98 and 99: 84 Fluorescence, a.u. I transfer ,
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
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Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 8
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In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
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The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
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3.2. Wall-in Positions The Use of C
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IACC ( τ ) = t2 ∫ The Use of Cer
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where σ res is the scattering cros
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D50 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 The Use
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Definition (D50) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.
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In: Developments in Ceramic Materia
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Modeling of Thermal Transport in Ce
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q x = Modeling of Thermal Transport
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212 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
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220 ε S 33 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron
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242 Development of Display Technolo
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244 Li Chen technology moved to the
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246 Li Chen The continuing evolutio
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248 Li Chen the back contact cathod
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250 Li Chen Figure 3. Vertical side
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252 Li Chen Figure 6. Molybdenum mi
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254 Li Chen Figure 8(a). I-V curve
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256 Li Chen Figure 9. Life time tes
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258 Figure 11(a). Plasma generated
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260 Li Chen [13] C.A. Spindt, K.R.
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262 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
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A absorption spectra, 66, 67, 77, 7
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correlation function, 156 corrosion
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group membership, 13, 20, 21, 22, 2
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microstructure(s), x, xi, 73, 74, 2
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efraction index, 61 refractive inde
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time, vii, ix, 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, 26,
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Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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