Developments in Ceramic Materials Research

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48 Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei and C. Treadwell 5. RUM OF CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) combine reinforcing ceramic phases with a ceramic matrix to create materials with superior properties (like high-temperature stability, high thermal-shock resistance, and lightweight), providing unique engineering solutions [Richerson, 1997]. The combination of these characteristics makes CMC an attractive alternative to traditional materials such as high alloy steels and refractory metals [Richerson, 1997; Okamura, 1995; Freitag and Richerson, 1998]. Benefits of using CMC include increased energy efficiency, increased productivity, and regulatory compliance. CMC have been used in some areas for years, such as cutting tools and wear parts [Anonymous, 2000]. Other emerging applications being field-tested or in the development stage include gas turbine seals, hot gas filters and high-pressure heat exchangers [Anonymous, 2000]. Currently, a major obstacle to broad applications of CMC is that the CMC materials, especially those with continuous reinforcements, generally require more costly manufacturing processes [Freitag and Richerson, 1998]. 5.1. Effects of Process Parameters on Cutting Force The cutting force shows a significant undulation when machining CMC using RUM. This is due to the fiber lamellar structure and some hard inclusions in the CMC materials. These two characteristics of CMC make it difficult to estimate main and interaction effects for the maximum cutting forces. Therefore, the average cutting forces instead of the maximum cutting forces are used for analysis in RUM of CMC materials. The average cutting force increases with the increase of feedrate as shown in Figure 17. This trend is consistent with that when RUM of alumina [Jiao et al., 2005] and when RUM of Silicon carbide [Churi et al., 2007]. Figure 17. Effect on cutting force in RUM of CMC (after [Li et al., 2006]).
Recent Advances in Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Ceramics 49 5.2. Effects of Process Parameters on Edge Chipping The spindle speed has a significant effect on edge chipping thickness. From Figure 18(a), it can be seen that the chipping thickness decreases with an increase of spindle speed. That is to say, higher spindle speed will be effective to reduce the chipping thickness. The feedrate also has a significant effect on edge chipping thickness. The edge chipping thickness increases as feedrate increases as shown in Figure 18(b). The effects of spindle speed and feedrate are consistent with those when RUM of alumina [Jiao et al., 2005]. For the edge chipping thickness, there exists an obvious interaction effect between spindle speed and feedrate. The effect of spindle speed is much stronger at the higher level of the feedrate as shown in Figure 18(c). a b Figure 18. Main and interaction effects on edge chipping thickness in RUM of CMC (after [Li et al., 2006]). Figure 19 shows the main and interaction effects on chipping size. The spindle speed has a significant effect on chipping size. From Figure 19(a), it can be observed that the chipping size decreases with an increase of spindle speed. This trend is consistent with that when RUM of Silicon carbide [Churi et al., 2007]. It indicates that higher spindle speed will be effective to prevent larger chippings. The two-factor interactions between spindle speed and feedrate has a significant effect on chipping size. The effect of spindle speed is stronger at the higher level of the feedrate as shown in Figure 19(b), which is consistent with that when RUM of Silicon carbide [Churi et la., 2007]. c
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DEVELOPMENTS IN CERAMIC MATERIALS R
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Copyright © 2007 by Nova Science P
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PREFACE Ceramics are refractory, in
Page 11 and 12: Preface ix crystals is discussed. A
Page 13: Preface xi spectra and the directio
Page 16 and 17: 2 Leslie G. Cecil comprehensive dat
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Page 20 and 21: 6 Leslie G. Cecil The main architec
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Page 24 and 25: 10 Leslie G. Cecil Middleton et al.
Page 26 and 27: 12 Leslie G. Cecil The laser ablate
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Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Magnet
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a c Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Ma
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The Use of Ceramic Pots in Old Wors
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IACC ( τ ) = t2 ∫ The Use of Cer
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where σ res is the scattering cros
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D50 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 The Use
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Definition (D50) 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.
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212 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron Stevens
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220 ε S 33 R. Ramesh, H. Kara, Ron
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242 Development of Display Technolo
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244 Li Chen technology moved to the
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246 Li Chen The continuing evolutio
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248 Li Chen the back contact cathod
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250 Li Chen Figure 3. Vertical side
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252 Li Chen Figure 6. Molybdenum mi
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254 Li Chen Figure 8(a). I-V curve
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256 Li Chen Figure 9. Life time tes
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258 Figure 11(a). Plasma generated
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260 Li Chen [13] C.A. Spindt, K.R.
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262 S. Ardizzone, C. L. Bianchi, G.
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A absorption spectra, 66, 67, 77, 7
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correlation function, 156 corrosion
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group membership, 13, 20, 21, 22, 2
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microstructure(s), x, xi, 73, 74, 2
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