Trade and Employment From Myths to Facts - International Labour ...

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TECHNICAL APPENDIX 7.A 7.A.1 Overall indices 7.A.1.1 Herfindhal, Gini and Theil For a given country and year (but omitting country and time subscripts), the Herfindahl index of export concentration, normalized to a range between zero and one, is given by the following formula: n ∑ Chapter 7: Trade diversification: Drivers and impacts where is the share of export line k (with amount exported χ sk = xk / xk k =1 κ) in total exports and n is the number of export lines. As for the Gini index, several equivalent definitions have been used in the literature, among which one of the simplest can be calculated by first ordering export items (at the appropriate level of aggregation) by increasing size (or share) and calculating cumulative export shares. . The Gini coefficient is then Finally, Theil’s entropy index (Theil, 1972) is given by . 7.A.1.2 Theil decomposition Let n be the notional number of export products (the 5,016 lines of the HS6 nomenclature), n j the number of export lines in group j, μ the average dollar export value, μ j group j’s average dollar export value, and χ κ the dollar value of export line k. The between-groups component is . (2) 301
Trade and Employment: From Myths to Facts and the within-groups component is where T j stands for Theil’s sub-index for group j = 0,1. It is easily verified that T W + T B = T . 7.A.2 The intensive and extensive margins 7.A.2.1 Theil decomposition Let the n lines of the HS6 nomenclature be partitioned into two groups i = 0,1 where group “one” is made of active export lines for this country and year, and group “zero” is made of inactive export lines. The Theil index is then decomposed as in section 7.A.1.2. Note, however, that the between-groups sub-index is not defined, since μ 0 = 0 and expression (1) contains a logarithm. Thus, we have to take a limit. By L’Hôpital’s rule, 302 so, based on our partition As and, by construction, and, as n is fixed, it follows that (3) (4) (5) (6)
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Trade and Employment From Myths to
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Trade and Employment From Myths to
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PREFACE Trade negotiations -bilater
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Trade and Employment: From Myths to
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EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS EDITORS Ma
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editors wish t
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NEW EVIDENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMEN
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Chapter 2: New evidence on trade an
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Region Annualized percentage change
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Region 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200
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Figure 2.4.b: Long-run association
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20 See Harrison and Rodriguez-Clare
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ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TRADE ON EM
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Chapter 3: Assessing the impact of
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p * Chapter 3: Assessing the impact
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APPPENDIX 3.A: TABLES Chapter 3: As
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TRADE AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY 4.1
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Chapter 4: Trade and the informal e
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For more than two decades, quantita
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GENDER ASPECTS OF TRADE 5.1 INTRODU
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and income-earning opportunities ge
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Figure 5.1: Description of gender i
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Chapter 5: Gender aspects of trade
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A third view is that the type of jo
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REFERENCES Chapter 5: Gender aspect
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