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Chapter 1: Introduction: Towards a coherent trade and employment policy ucation) will only bring significant spin-offs if it coincides with matching developments in other areas (e.g. technology). Examples of coordination failures in the domain of skills and technology are numerous, as illustrated by the co-existence of skilled unemployment and vacancies for skilled workers in numerous countries. The fact that imported technologies need to find a matching capacity base in order to trigger growth has been mentioned above. This conclusion finds support in the observation that successful globalizers, such as China, Costa Rica, the Republic of Korea and Viet Nam, have invested in expanded access to education and vocational training while at the same time linking those policies with their trade and sectoral support strategies. Skills and education policies that support broad access to education and are imbedded in a system that facilitates the matching of demand for and support of skills are therefore likely to be key elements of modern versions of industrial policy. 19
Trade and Employment: From Myths to Facts REFERENCES Acharya, R.C.; Keller, W. 2007. “Technology transfer through imports”, NBER Working Paper No. 13086. Anderson, R.G; Gascon, C.S. 2007. “The perils of globalization: Offshoring and economic security of the American worker”, Working Paper No. 2007-004A (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis). Bacchetta, M; Ernst, E.; Bustamante, J.P. 2009. Globalization and Informal Jobs in Developing Countries, ILO-WTO Co-publication, Geneva. Bacchetta, M.; Jansen, M. 2003. “Adjusting to trade liberalization: The role of policy, institutions and WTO disciplines”, WTO Special Study 7 (Geneva, WTO). Baccaro, L. 2008. “Labour, globalization and inequality: Are trade unions still redistributive?”, IILS Discussion Paper DP/192/2008 (International Institute for Labour Studies). Boix, C. 2011. “Redistribution policies in a globalized world”, in M. Bacchetta; M. Jansen (eds): Making globalization socially sustainable (Geneva, ILO-WTO co-publication, forthcoming). Cadot, O.; Carrère, C.; Strauss-Kahn, V. 2011. “Export diversification: What’s behind the hump?”, in Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 590-605, May. Casacuberta, C.; Gandelman, N. 2010. “Reallocation and adjustment in the manufacturing sector in Uruguay”, in G. Porto; B.M. Hoekman (eds): Trade adjustment costs in developing countries: Impacts, determinants and policy responses (World Bank and CEPR). Chang, H-J. 2009. “Rethinking public policy in agriculture: Lessons from history, distant and recent”, in The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 477-515, July. Chen, L.; Hou, B. 2009. “China: Economic transition, employment flexibility and security”, in S. Lee; F. Eyraud (eds): Globalization, flexibilization and working conditions in Asia and the Pacific (ILO). Davidson, C.; Matusz, S.J. 2000. “Globalization and labour market adjustment: How fast and at what cost?”, in Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 42- 56. Davidson, C.; Matusz, S.J. 2010. International trade with equilibrium unemployment (Princeton University Press). Ebenstein, A. et al. 2009. “Estimating the impact of trade and offshoring on American workers using the current population surveys”, NBER Working Paper No. 15107. German Marshall Fund. 2007. “Perspectives on trade and poverty reduction: A survey of public opinion”, Key Findings Report. Haltiwanger, J. 2011. “Globalization and economic volatility”, in M. Bacchetta; M. Jansen (eds): Making globalization socially sustainable (Geneva, ILO-WTO co-publication, forthcoming). ILO. 2008. Conclusions on skills for improved productivity, employment growth and development, International Labour Conference 2008. ILO. 2010. A skilled workforce for strong, sustainable and balanaced growth: A G20 training strategy. Imbs, J.; Wacziarg, R. 2003. “Stages of diversification”, in American Economic Review, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 63-86. Jansen, M.; von Uexkull, E. 2010. Trade and employment in the global crisis (ILO). King, K. 2009. “A technical and vocational education and training strategy for UNESCO: A background paper”. Available at: http://recoup.educ.cam. ac.uk/news/ tvetstrategyforunesco .pdf (accessed 31 May 2011). 20
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APPPENDIX 3.A: TABLES Chapter 3: As
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TRADE AND THE INFORMAL ECONOMY 4.1
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GENDER ASPECTS OF TRADE 5.1 INTRODU
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REFERENCES Chapter 5: Gender aspect
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