Revision of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba ... - Passion Flowers

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phylogeny of the passion flower butterflies based upon larval and adult
morphology and has another more recent analysis of the group in press. In
addition, Brower and Egan (1997) have proposed a phylogeny of the genus
Heliconius and relatives based upon mitochondrial and nuclear genes. However,
a phylogeny of the Passifloraceae has not been published, though labs at the
University of Texas, USA, and the Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Brazil, are
doing higher level analyses of the genus (Muschner et al., 2003).
Most of the species of Passiflora supersection Cieca are utilized by common
and widespread species (both advanced and primitive - assessed by comparison
with the phylogeny of Penz, 1999) of the subfamily Heliconiinae (Acraea
Fabricius, Agraulis Boisduval & Leconte, Dione Hübner, Dryandula Michener,
Dryas Hübner, Euptoieta Doubleday, Heliconius Kluk, and Philaethria Billberg).
The known butterfly herbivores of species of supersection Cieca are listed in
Table 7.1. Most species in the supersection have only one or two known
herbivores, but, as one would expect, the species that are widely distributed have
a greater diversity of herbivores. The more advanced species of supersection
Cieca (P. xiikzodz, P. juliana, P. viridiflora, P. coriacea, P. sexocellata, P.
megacoriacea) are mainly used by species of Heliconius. The more primitive
species in the supersection (P. eglandulosa, P. lancifolia, P. pallida, and P.
suberosa ssp. litoralis) are also commonly utilized by Heliconius spp. but are also
hosts for more primitive genera of the Heliconiinae (Acraea, Agraulis, Dione,
Dryas, Dryandula and Philaethria). Passiflora tenuiloba, which is sister to P.
pallida in the morphological analysis but is more closely related to P. coriacea