Revision of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba ... - Passion Flowers

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170 usually alternate with the petals, borne on an often elongate androgynophore or androgynophore rarely absent; filaments free just below ovary or rarely connate into a tube around ovary; anthers introrse in bud, moving to become extrorse (rarely latrorse) at anthesis, dorsifixed, versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, borne parallel or perpendicular to their filaments; pollen binucleate, 3- to 12-colporate. Carpels 3(-5), connate, ovary superior, unilocular, borne on an often elongate androgynophore (rarely sessile), placentation parietal, anatropous ovules numerous on each placenta; styles distinct, rarely connate near base; stigmas capitate, clavate, reniform, or occasionally bilobed. Fruit a few to many seeded berry, rarely a loculicidal capsule. Seeds arillate, usually flattened, the testa pitted, reticulate-foveate, or transversely grooved or sulcate; endosperm slightly ruminate, oily, abundant; embryo straight, the cotyledons usually elliptic to oblong-elliptic; germination epigeal (rarely hypogeal). Chromosome numbers: n = 6, 9, 10, 12 (rarely 7, 11, 18, 42). Description of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba Supersection Cieca Passiflora subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet. A new infrageneric classification of Passiflora. Passiflora 14, in press. 2004. Cieca Medik. Malvenfam. 97. 1787. Passiflora sect. Cieca (Medik.) DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 1: 435. 1922. Passiflora subgenus Decaloba section Cieca (Medik.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. 27: 630. 1871. TYPE SPECIES (designated by E.P. Killip, 1938, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 19:
171 25): Cieca viridis Medik. [nom. illeg. based upon type material of Passiflora minima L. (= Passiflora pallida L.)]. Monactineirma Bory. Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 2: 138. 1819. Meioperis Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838. TYPE SPECIES (designated here): Passiflora suberosa L. Small to medium-sized climbing or procumbent vines with annual or perennial stems from woody perennial rootstocks or taproots, antrorsely appressed- puberulent more or less throughout, with unicellular, curved or occasionally erect trichomes, and sometimes sparsely to densely pubescent with longer unicellular, rarely multicellular, curved trichomes. Stems terete to somewhat compressed and two-edged, the shoot apex erect. Leaves simple, commonly bearing nectaries on the petiole (except in P. eglandulosa and P. mcvaughiana); petioles sometimes canaliculate, biglandular (rarely eglandular or with only a single gland) with opposite, subopposite or alternate, discoid, cupulate, obconical or capitate extrafloral nectaries; laminas unlobed or 2- to 3-lobed (rarely 5-lobed), often exhibiting heterophylly, sometimes cordate at base, entire (very rarely crenate), venation pinnate or usually palmate, variegated or not, peltate or not, sometimes bearing small abaxial disciform or crateriform nectaries present ± submarginally between the major veins (very rarely associated with leaf crenations). Stipules setaceous to foliaceous, persistent, narrowly to widely ovate, rarely oblong or obovate, symmetrical or sometimes asymmetrical, entire,
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REVISION OF PASSIFLORA SUBGENUS DEC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supp
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of Florida Herbarium, Florida Museu
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esources to this project. Walter Ju
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Distribution and Ecology ..........
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Description of Passiflora tacana...
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7.2. Table indicating the type and
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3.15. Box plots of character 2 (sti
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3.47. Box plots of character 34 (le
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8.19. Flower of P. trinifolia (MacD
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Abstract of Dissertation Presented
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Passiflora L
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3 Species Plantarum, taxonomists ha
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CHAPTER 2 TAXONOMIC HISTORY The gen
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the limen floor possessed five spot
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Cieca: Passiflora foliis indivisis
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11 of the species with dish-shaped
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13 species of supersection Cieca th
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15 the International Botanical Cong
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17 conventions in Fig. 3.1-3.3. The
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19 Figure 3.4. View of flower of Pa
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21 Figure 3.6. View of a longitudin
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23 repository of foreign place-name
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25 The ITS region for members of su
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(Donoghue, 1985; Mishler, 1985) spe
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Figure 3.8. Box plots of character
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obtusifolia (50% bootstrap), and P.
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77 Figure 4.1. The first of three m
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79 Figure 4.3. The third of three m
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81 Figure 4.5. A portion of the str
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83 is primarily an indicator of flo
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85 clusters of P. suberosa ssp. lit
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Figure 5.1. Principal components an
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Table 5.2. Cont. Variables PCI PCII
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91 Table 5.3. Component loadings fo
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Table 5.4. Cont. 93 29. Seed width
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Table 5.5. Character values used in
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97 Figure 5.3. Unrooted neighbor jo
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70.1%. Principal component axis I i
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101 Figure 5.4. Principal component
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Table 5.7. Cont. 103 Variables PCI
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105 Table 5.8. Component loadings f
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Table 5.9. Cont. 107 30. Distance f
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109 Figure 5.6. Unrooted neighbor j
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111 mm long (#13, 1), and 0-2 flora
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113 the nodes as well as in inflore
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115 (0.13-0.14 mm in height)(#22, 3
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117 mm in length (#26, 1), and the
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Page 145 and 146: Table 6.1. Cont. 123 27. Seed width
Page 147 and 148: Table 6.1. Cont. 125 74. Limen whit
Page 149 and 150: Table 6.2. Character values for tax
Page 151 and 152: 129 Figure 6.2. The single most par
Page 153 and 154: 131 the molecular study was not fea
Page 155 and 156: 133 are considered sibling species,
Page 157 and 158: 135 The Passiflora coriacea Complex
Page 159 and 160: 137 The Passiflora suberosa Complex
Page 161 and 162: 139 morphological analysis. Passifl
Page 163 and 164: 141 supported P. pallida clade and
Page 165 and 166: 143 clear that these processes have
Page 167 and 168: 145 semierect to erect flowers with
Page 169 and 170: 147 protect nectar from rain, desic
Page 171 and 172: 149 Passiflora is not necessarily d
Page 173 and 174: 151 and P. sexocellata in the molec
Page 175 and 176: Table 7.1. Cont. Species Heliconiin
Page 177 and 178: 155 result of introduction by human
Page 179 and 180: 157 the dry tropical forests typica
Page 181 and 182: 159 There are two primary types of
Page 183 and 184: 161 ocean. However, I do know of on
Page 185 and 186: 163 all of the species in supersect
Page 187 and 188: 165 plants, suggesting that a crite
Page 189 and 190: 167 Lastly, the utilization of only
Page 191: 169 central part of the inflorescen
Page 195 and 196: 173 trichomes; styles slender, less
Page 197 and 198: 175 7. Laminar nectaries absent; le
Page 199 and 200: 177 11. Androgynophore less than 11
Page 201 and 202: 179 15. Outer coronal filaments gre
Page 203 and 204: 181 22. Central vein length more th
Page 205 and 206: 183 Slender, climbing, perennial vi
Page 207 and 208: 185 greenish yellow with a flush of
Page 209 and 210: 187 Antigua, Wullschlager 240 (M).
Page 211 and 212: 189 Waterloo, Degener 18853 (GH, NY
Page 213 and 214: 191 29 (NY); San Andrés Island, al
Page 215 and 216: 193 ISLA DE JUVENTUD: Nueva Gerona,
Page 217 and 218: 195 (B). Dominican Republic. -BAORU
Page 219 and 220: 197 Exploration Company a las Merce
Page 221 and 222: 199 120-140 m, Wallnöfer & Tut-Tes
Page 223 and 224: 201 Howard & Proctor 13477 (A); Mid
Page 225 and 226: 203 sobre el camino a San Gervacio,
Page 227 and 228: 205 Chelem, unos 3-5 km W de Progre
Page 229 and 230: 207 Vista, Standley 25357 (US); Nue
Page 231 and 232: 209 Ganoruwa Hill, Peradeniya, Kand
Page 233 and 234: 211 Lakela 31283 (MIN); Lagoon emba
Page 235 and 236: 213 Park, Gillis 11503 (A); Homeste
Page 237 and 238: 215 Mosier 5511 (NY); Adams Key, Sm
Page 239 and 240: 217 Road"), 4 mi. W of Miami-Dade-M
Page 241 and 242: 219 Wildlife Refuge S of Alamo, Fle
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221 Figure 8.3. Distribution of Pas
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223 labeled P. pallida, but it is a
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225 the entities in the P. suberosa
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227 Quintana Roo, México; and J. T
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Description of Passiflora suberosa
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231 3.1 mm in diameter, greenish ye
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233 operculum, 0.1-0.7 mm high, 0.1
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235 0.06-0.10 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm
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237 near Museum, Sarant, Saums & Wa
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239 (about 1.5 km up from mouth of
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241 Vieux-Fort, Mts. Caraibes, en b
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243 BAYAMÓN: Cabra Island, San Jua
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245 15 February 1906 (C). -SAINT TH
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247 Figure 8.5. Flower of P. subero
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249 possesses trilobed leaves at re
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251 Passiflora suberosa ssp. subero
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253 and ovoid, whereas P. suberosa
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255 Passiflora suberosa L. var. hir
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Distribution and ecology 257 In the
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259 Morrone & Pensiero 6320 (MO). -
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261 Hatschbach 52826 (C); Agua Bran
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263 & Brand 2059b (MA); Entre Filad
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265 Restrepo, Vereda del Río Grand
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267 UC, US). French Overseas Territ
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269 River near Sahal K'esh, paraje
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271 Matuda & sus colaboradores 3160
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273 800 m, Arguelles 909 (CAS); 4-5
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275 antes de Aculizingo, rumbo a Or
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277 Sagastegui, Alvitaz, Carnia, Lo
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279 Osores, Figari, Díaz, Castaned
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281 between Sabana Grande and Barut
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283 shallowly trilobed leaves (comm
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285 a b c Figure 8.8. Flowers of Pa
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Description of Passiflora tridactyl
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289 yellow, ratio of inner coronal
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Notes 291 Passiflora tridactylites
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293 suberosa ssp. litoralis do not
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Description of Passiflora lancifoli
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297 light reddish purple dried; and
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299 which he called P. regalis, now
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301 Additionally, the habitats of b
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303 Figure 8.13. Distribution of P.
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305 of sepals reflexed at anthesis;
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307 regalis in his unpublished Flor
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309 Figure 8.14. Leaves and flowers
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311 abaxial surface, 0.6-0.9 mm in
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313 S of Monclova, Dorr & Atkins 22
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315 E side of Sullivan City, Correl
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317 Noyes 5670 (DUKE, TEX); Rocky c
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319 longer filaments in their coron
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Description of Passiflora eglandulo
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323 filaments at anthesis; styles 3
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325 road between San Marcos and San
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327 Passiflora eglandulosa is also
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331 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, linea
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333 Figure 8.19. Flower of P. trini
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335 dried; androgynophore 3.8 mm lo
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Notes 337 Passiflora clypeophylla i
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339 wide; petioles 0.5-2.8 cm long,
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341 Oaxaca. Tropical deciduous and
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343 vegetatively with their distinc
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345 with rounded edges, greenish ye
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347 marked with ca. 11-18 foveae. G
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349 flowers of this plant. In an un
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353 often red (4/12) at flowering n
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355 shrubs, small trees, boulders a
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357 carretera a Acapulco, 240 m, He
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359 McCormick (1982) chromatographi
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361 Passiflora mcvaughiana Descript
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363 diameter, whitish green, speckl
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365 mcvaughiana possesses the wides
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367 Figure 8.28. Fruit and seeds of
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369 2.1 mm thick, acute at both end
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371 Figure 8.30. Habit of P. tacana
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373 Passiflora cheiroptera Cortés,
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375 4/6) spots and streaks; androgy
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377 Manizales, 1500 m, Escobar & Ur
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379 Yotoco, hacienda San Martín po
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381 5491 (MO); Juanjuí, 400 m, Woy
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383 differences in the stipe and pe
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385 Passiflora megacoriacea Descrip
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387 with stipe 2.6-6.1 mm long, 0.9
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389 59c (MO); Rincón de la Vieja,
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391 vicinity of Panamá Railroad cr
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393 Passiflora megacoriacea, as not
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395 weight to be 29-44% in P. megac
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397 veins, 0.5-1.4 mm in diameter,
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Vernacular Names 399 Ala de murcié
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401 Blake 7595 (US); Cadenas, borde
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403 Carrizal, 550 m, Williams & Mol
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405 Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, e
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407 published. It is interesting th
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409 petiolar nectaries at or near t
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Description of Passiflora itzensis
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413 very dark reddish purple, ratio
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415 species from other members of s
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419 leaf axils or inflorescences; i
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421 ruins), 600-700 ft., Proctor 29
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423 vegetatively identical to P. it
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425 DNA polymerase (Sigma-Aldrich;
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427 Figure A.1. Structure of portio
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429 agree in several ways: 1) there
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431 Figure A.1. The first of 124 mo
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LIST OF REFERENCES Bat Conservation
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435 Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Glo
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437 Jussieu, A.L. de. 1805b. Second
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439 Masters, M.T. 1871. Contributio
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441 National Imagery and Mapping Ag
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443 Stevens, P.F. 1991. Character s
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