Revision of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba ... - Passion Flowers

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230 Syn. Mon. 2: 141. 1846. TYPE: ANTILLES, J.D. Surian 203 (holotype: P, in the Surian herbarium). Passiflora hederacea Cav. Decima diss. bot.: 447. 1780. Monactineirma hederacea (Cav.) Boty. Ann. Gen. Scient. Phys. 2: 138. 1819. Meioperis hederacea (Cav.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 103. 1838. Cieca hederacea (Cav.) M. Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Mon. 2: 141. 1846. Passiflora suberosa var. hederacea (Cav.) Mast. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27: 630. 1871. LECTOTYPE (designated here): Plum. Desc. Pl. Amer. pl. 84. 1693. Passiflora kohautiana C. Presl. Bot. Bemerl.: 72. 1844. TYPE: MARTINIQUE, F. Kohaut s.n. (holotype: PRC). Passiflora calliaquatica Krause. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 32(20): 340-341. 1914. TYPE: ST. VINCENT, between Kingstown and Calliagua, 25 January 1890, H. Eggers 15718 (holotype: B!). Slender, climbing, perennial vine 1-5(-10) m long or more, commonly sparsely to densely pubescent with unicellular or multicellular curved trichomes on leaf, petiole, stem, stipule, sepal, and tendril (very rare) (0.14-)0.20-1.13 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide, also often minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent on leaf, petiole, stem, stipule, and sepal with unicellular, curved trichomes, 0.05-0.10 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems terete or somewhat compressed, 0.5-
231 3.1 mm in diameter, greenish yellow to reddish purple to red, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules narrowly ovate-triangular, acute or rarely slightly attenuate, (1.5-)2.2-8.4(-11.6)mm long, 0.1-1.3 mm wide; petioles 0.4- 2.7(-3.7) cm long, with 2 (very rarely 1), opposite to alternate, stipitate or sessile, cupulate, discoid or capitate nectaries (very rarely urceolate), 0.4-1.5 mm wide, 0.2-1.6 mm high, commonly borne in the distal three quarters of the petiole (0.27- 0.93 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole). Laminas (1.4- )3.0-14.2(-19.0) cm long, (0.8-)1.6-10.0(-17.1) cm wide, not peltate or sometimes slightly peltate (the distance from leaf base to point of petiole insertion 2.3-2.5 mm), commonly membranous, 3-lobed, rarely unlobed, ovate, commonly with base cordate or cuneate to acute, lateral lobes ovate to oblong (very rarely obovate), acute (rarely obtuse or rounded), (0.9-)1.4-7.5(-12.0) cm long, 0.3-3.0(- 4.8) cm wide, central lobe ovate to elliptic, sometimes obovate, central vein (1.4- )3.0-9.0(-14.2) cm long, angle between the lateral lobes (21-)40-140°, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length (0.30-)0.38-0.87, margins entire, rarely crenate, hyaline, primary veins 1-3 (when more than one, veins diverge and branch at base or diverge and branch above base), laminar nectaries absent or sometimes with 1-10 submarginal nectaries associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, rarely associated with a crenation of the leaf margin, rarely with 2-4 nectaries proximal to the lateral leaf veins, 0.3-1.0 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.2-1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node except in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or sometimes in indeterminate axillary or terminal inflorescences; inflorescences 2.0-4.0 cm long, associated
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REVISION OF PASSIFLORA SUBGENUS DEC
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supp
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of Florida Herbarium, Florida Museu
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esources to this project. Walter Ju
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Distribution and Ecology ..........
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Description of Passiflora tacana...
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7.2. Table indicating the type and
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3.15. Box plots of character 2 (sti
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3.47. Box plots of character 34 (le
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8.19. Flower of P. trinifolia (MacD
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Abstract of Dissertation Presented
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Passiflora L
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3 Species Plantarum, taxonomists ha
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CHAPTER 2 TAXONOMIC HISTORY The gen
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the limen floor possessed five spot
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Cieca: Passiflora foliis indivisis
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11 of the species with dish-shaped
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13 species of supersection Cieca th
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15 the International Botanical Cong
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17 conventions in Fig. 3.1-3.3. The
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19 Figure 3.4. View of flower of Pa
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21 Figure 3.6. View of a longitudin
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23 repository of foreign place-name
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25 The ITS region for members of su
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(Donoghue, 1985; Mishler, 1985) spe
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Figure 3.8. Box plots of character
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obtusifolia (50% bootstrap), and P.
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77 Figure 4.1. The first of three m
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79 Figure 4.3. The third of three m
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81 Figure 4.5. A portion of the str
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83 is primarily an indicator of flo
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85 clusters of P. suberosa ssp. lit
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Figure 5.1. Principal components an
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Table 5.2. Cont. Variables PCI PCII
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91 Table 5.3. Component loadings fo
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Table 5.4. Cont. 93 29. Seed width
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Table 5.5. Character values used in
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97 Figure 5.3. Unrooted neighbor jo
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70.1%. Principal component axis I i
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101 Figure 5.4. Principal component
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Table 5.7. Cont. 103 Variables PCI
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105 Table 5.8. Component loadings f
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Table 5.9. Cont. 107 30. Distance f
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109 Figure 5.6. Unrooted neighbor j
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111 mm long (#13, 1), and 0-2 flora
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113 the nodes as well as in inflore
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115 (0.13-0.14 mm in height)(#22, 3
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117 mm in length (#26, 1), and the
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119 longer than the central veins (
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121 that are between 0.25 and 0.72
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Table 6.1. Cont. 123 27. Seed width
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Table 6.1. Cont. 125 74. Limen whit
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Table 6.2. Character values for tax
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129 Figure 6.2. The single most par
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131 the molecular study was not fea
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133 are considered sibling species,
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135 The Passiflora coriacea Complex
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137 The Passiflora suberosa Complex
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139 morphological analysis. Passifl
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141 supported P. pallida clade and
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143 clear that these processes have
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145 semierect to erect flowers with
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147 protect nectar from rain, desic
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149 Passiflora is not necessarily d
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151 and P. sexocellata in the molec
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Table 7.1. Cont. Species Heliconiin
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155 result of introduction by human
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157 the dry tropical forests typica
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159 There are two primary types of
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161 ocean. However, I do know of on
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163 all of the species in supersect
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165 plants, suggesting that a crite
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167 Lastly, the utilization of only
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169 central part of the inflorescen
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171 25): Cieca viridis Medik. [nom.
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173 trichomes; styles slender, less
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175 7. Laminar nectaries absent; le
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177 11. Androgynophore less than 11
Page 201 and 202: 179 15. Outer coronal filaments gre
Page 203 and 204: 181 22. Central vein length more th
Page 205 and 206: 183 Slender, climbing, perennial vi
Page 207 and 208: 185 greenish yellow with a flush of
Page 209 and 210: 187 Antigua, Wullschlager 240 (M).
Page 211 and 212: 189 Waterloo, Degener 18853 (GH, NY
Page 213 and 214: 191 29 (NY); San Andrés Island, al
Page 215 and 216: 193 ISLA DE JUVENTUD: Nueva Gerona,
Page 217 and 218: 195 (B). Dominican Republic. -BAORU
Page 219 and 220: 197 Exploration Company a las Merce
Page 221 and 222: 199 120-140 m, Wallnöfer & Tut-Tes
Page 223 and 224: 201 Howard & Proctor 13477 (A); Mid
Page 225 and 226: 203 sobre el camino a San Gervacio,
Page 227 and 228: 205 Chelem, unos 3-5 km W de Progre
Page 229 and 230: 207 Vista, Standley 25357 (US); Nue
Page 231 and 232: 209 Ganoruwa Hill, Peradeniya, Kand
Page 233 and 234: 211 Lakela 31283 (MIN); Lagoon emba
Page 235 and 236: 213 Park, Gillis 11503 (A); Homeste
Page 237 and 238: 215 Mosier 5511 (NY); Adams Key, Sm
Page 239 and 240: 217 Road"), 4 mi. W of Miami-Dade-M
Page 241 and 242: 219 Wildlife Refuge S of Alamo, Fle
Page 243 and 244: 221 Figure 8.3. Distribution of Pas
Page 245 and 246: 223 labeled P. pallida, but it is a
Page 247 and 248: 225 the entities in the P. suberosa
Page 249 and 250: 227 Quintana Roo, México; and J. T
Page 251: Description of Passiflora suberosa
Page 255 and 256: 233 operculum, 0.1-0.7 mm high, 0.1
Page 257 and 258: 235 0.06-0.10 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm
Page 259 and 260: 237 near Museum, Sarant, Saums & Wa
Page 261 and 262: 239 (about 1.5 km up from mouth of
Page 263 and 264: 241 Vieux-Fort, Mts. Caraibes, en b
Page 265 and 266: 243 BAYAMÓN: Cabra Island, San Jua
Page 267 and 268: 245 15 February 1906 (C). -SAINT TH
Page 269 and 270: 247 Figure 8.5. Flower of P. subero
Page 271 and 272: 249 possesses trilobed leaves at re
Page 273 and 274: 251 Passiflora suberosa ssp. subero
Page 275 and 276: 253 and ovoid, whereas P. suberosa
Page 277 and 278: 255 Passiflora suberosa L. var. hir
Page 279 and 280: Distribution and ecology 257 In the
Page 281 and 282: 259 Morrone & Pensiero 6320 (MO). -
Page 283 and 284: 261 Hatschbach 52826 (C); Agua Bran
Page 285 and 286: 263 & Brand 2059b (MA); Entre Filad
Page 287 and 288: 265 Restrepo, Vereda del Río Grand
Page 289 and 290: 267 UC, US). French Overseas Territ
Page 291 and 292: 269 River near Sahal K'esh, paraje
Page 293 and 294: 271 Matuda & sus colaboradores 3160
Page 295 and 296: 273 800 m, Arguelles 909 (CAS); 4-5
Page 297 and 298: 275 antes de Aculizingo, rumbo a Or
Page 299 and 300: 277 Sagastegui, Alvitaz, Carnia, Lo
Page 301 and 302: 279 Osores, Figari, Díaz, Castaned
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281 between Sabana Grande and Barut
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283 shallowly trilobed leaves (comm
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285 a b c Figure 8.8. Flowers of Pa
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Description of Passiflora tridactyl
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289 yellow, ratio of inner coronal
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Notes 291 Passiflora tridactylites
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293 suberosa ssp. litoralis do not
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Description of Passiflora lancifoli
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297 light reddish purple dried; and
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299 which he called P. regalis, now
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301 Additionally, the habitats of b
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303 Figure 8.13. Distribution of P.
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305 of sepals reflexed at anthesis;
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307 regalis in his unpublished Flor
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309 Figure 8.14. Leaves and flowers
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311 abaxial surface, 0.6-0.9 mm in
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313 S of Monclova, Dorr & Atkins 22
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315 E side of Sullivan City, Correl
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317 Noyes 5670 (DUKE, TEX); Rocky c
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319 longer filaments in their coron
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Description of Passiflora eglandulo
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323 filaments at anthesis; styles 3
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325 road between San Marcos and San
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327 Passiflora eglandulosa is also
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331 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, linea
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333 Figure 8.19. Flower of P. trini
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335 dried; androgynophore 3.8 mm lo
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Notes 337 Passiflora clypeophylla i
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339 wide; petioles 0.5-2.8 cm long,
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341 Oaxaca. Tropical deciduous and
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343 vegetatively with their distinc
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345 with rounded edges, greenish ye
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347 marked with ca. 11-18 foveae. G
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349 flowers of this plant. In an un
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353 often red (4/12) at flowering n
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355 shrubs, small trees, boulders a
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357 carretera a Acapulco, 240 m, He
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359 McCormick (1982) chromatographi
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361 Passiflora mcvaughiana Descript
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363 diameter, whitish green, speckl
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365 mcvaughiana possesses the wides
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367 Figure 8.28. Fruit and seeds of
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369 2.1 mm thick, acute at both end
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371 Figure 8.30. Habit of P. tacana
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373 Passiflora cheiroptera Cortés,
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375 4/6) spots and streaks; androgy
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377 Manizales, 1500 m, Escobar & Ur
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379 Yotoco, hacienda San Martín po
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381 5491 (MO); Juanjuí, 400 m, Woy
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383 differences in the stipe and pe
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385 Passiflora megacoriacea Descrip
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387 with stipe 2.6-6.1 mm long, 0.9
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389 59c (MO); Rincón de la Vieja,
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391 vicinity of Panamá Railroad cr
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393 Passiflora megacoriacea, as not
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395 weight to be 29-44% in P. megac
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397 veins, 0.5-1.4 mm in diameter,
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Vernacular Names 399 Ala de murcié
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401 Blake 7595 (US); Cadenas, borde
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403 Carrizal, 550 m, Williams & Mol
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405 Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, e
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407 published. It is interesting th
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409 petiolar nectaries at or near t
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Description of Passiflora itzensis
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413 very dark reddish purple, ratio
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415 species from other members of s
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419 leaf axils or inflorescences; i
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421 ruins), 600-700 ft., Proctor 29
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423 vegetatively identical to P. it
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425 DNA polymerase (Sigma-Aldrich;
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427 Figure A.1. Structure of portio
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429 agree in several ways: 1) there
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431 Figure A.1. The first of 124 mo
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LIST OF REFERENCES Bat Conservation
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435 Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Glo
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437 Jussieu, A.L. de. 1805b. Second
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439 Masters, M.T. 1871. Contributio
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441 National Imagery and Mapping Ag
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443 Stevens, P.F. 1991. Character s
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