Revision of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba ... - Passion Flowers

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A.2. Strict consensus of 124 most parsimonious trees from the GBSSI data set of Passiflora supersection Cieca and outgroups.................................... 432 xx
Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy REVISION OF PASSIFLORA SUBGENUS DECALOBA SUPERSECTION CIECA (PASSIFLORACEAE) Chair: Walter S. Judd Department: Botany By Kristen E. Porter-Utley December 2003 Passiflora subgenus Decaloba supersection Cieca is a monophyletic group of herbaceous to woody climbers found in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. The 19 species, including two subspecies, recognized here are primarily distributed in the southern United States, México, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Two species, P. suberosa and P. pallida, also occur in various regions of the Old World, likely as a result of naturalization. The species of the supersection are recognized by their small, apetalous, usually greenish flowers with the filaments of the corona mostly in two series. The supersection contains two problematic species complexes, P. suberosa and P. coriacea. Phylogenetic relationships within supersection Cieca are investigated by means of phenetic and cladistic analyses of morphological (external morphology) and molecular (nucleotide sequences of ITS-1, ITS-2 and the intervening 5.8S region) characters. The morphological and molecular data sets xxi
Page 1 and 2: REVISION OF PASSIFLORA SUBGENUS DEC
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was supp
Page 5 and 6: of Florida Herbarium, Florida Museu
Page 7 and 8: esources to this project. Walter Ju
Page 9 and 10: Distribution and Ecology ..........
Page 11 and 12: Description of Passiflora tacana...
Page 13 and 14: 7.2. Table indicating the type and
Page 15 and 16: 3.15. Box plots of character 2 (sti
Page 17 and 18: 3.47. Box plots of character 34 (le
Page 19: 8.19. Flower of P. trinifolia (MacD
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Passiflora L
Page 25 and 26: 3 Species Plantarum, taxonomists ha
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 2 TAXONOMIC HISTORY The gen
Page 29 and 30: the limen floor possessed five spot
Page 31 and 32: Cieca: Passiflora foliis indivisis
Page 33 and 34: 11 of the species with dish-shaped
Page 35 and 36: 13 species of supersection Cieca th
Page 37 and 38: 15 the International Botanical Cong
Page 39 and 40: 17 conventions in Fig. 3.1-3.3. The
Page 41 and 42: 19 Figure 3.4. View of flower of Pa
Page 43 and 44: 21 Figure 3.6. View of a longitudin
Page 45 and 46: 23 repository of foreign place-name
Page 47 and 48: 25 The ITS region for members of su
Page 49 and 50: (Donoghue, 1985; Mishler, 1985) spe
Page 51 and 52: Figure 3.8. Box plots of character
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 3.28. Box plots of character
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
obtusifolia (50% bootstrap), and P.
Page 99 and 100:
77 Figure 4.1. The first of three m
Page 101 and 102:
79 Figure 4.3. The third of three m
Page 103 and 104:
81 Figure 4.5. A portion of the str
Page 105 and 106:
83 is primarily an indicator of flo
Page 107 and 108:
85 clusters of P. suberosa ssp. lit
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 5.1. Principal components an
Page 111 and 112:
Table 5.2. Cont. Variables PCI PCII
Page 113 and 114:
91 Table 5.3. Component loadings fo
Page 115 and 116:
Table 5.4. Cont. 93 29. Seed width
Page 117 and 118:
Table 5.5. Character values used in
Page 119 and 120:
97 Figure 5.3. Unrooted neighbor jo
Page 121 and 122:
70.1%. Principal component axis I i
Page 123 and 124:
101 Figure 5.4. Principal component
Page 125 and 126:
Table 5.7. Cont. 103 Variables PCI
Page 127 and 128:
105 Table 5.8. Component loadings f
Page 129 and 130:
Table 5.9. Cont. 107 30. Distance f
Page 131 and 132:
109 Figure 5.6. Unrooted neighbor j
Page 133 and 134:
111 mm long (#13, 1), and 0-2 flora
Page 135 and 136:
113 the nodes as well as in inflore
Page 137 and 138:
115 (0.13-0.14 mm in height)(#22, 3
Page 139 and 140:
117 mm in length (#26, 1), and the
Page 141 and 142:
119 longer than the central veins (
Page 143 and 144:
121 that are between 0.25 and 0.72
Page 145 and 146:
Table 6.1. Cont. 123 27. Seed width
Page 147 and 148:
Table 6.1. Cont. 125 74. Limen whit
Page 149 and 150:
Table 6.2. Character values for tax
Page 151 and 152:
129 Figure 6.2. The single most par
Page 153 and 154:
131 the molecular study was not fea
Page 155 and 156:
133 are considered sibling species,
Page 157 and 158:
135 The Passiflora coriacea Complex
Page 159 and 160:
137 The Passiflora suberosa Complex
Page 161 and 162:
139 morphological analysis. Passifl
Page 163 and 164:
141 supported P. pallida clade and
Page 165 and 166:
143 clear that these processes have
Page 167 and 168:
145 semierect to erect flowers with
Page 169 and 170:
147 protect nectar from rain, desic
Page 171 and 172:
149 Passiflora is not necessarily d
Page 173 and 174:
151 and P. sexocellata in the molec
Page 175 and 176:
Table 7.1. Cont. Species Heliconiin
Page 177 and 178:
155 result of introduction by human
Page 179 and 180:
157 the dry tropical forests typica
Page 181 and 182:
159 There are two primary types of
Page 183 and 184:
161 ocean. However, I do know of on
Page 185 and 186:
163 all of the species in supersect
Page 187 and 188:
165 plants, suggesting that a crite
Page 189 and 190:
167 Lastly, the utilization of only
Page 191 and 192:
169 central part of the inflorescen
Page 193 and 194:
171 25): Cieca viridis Medik. [nom.
Page 195 and 196:
173 trichomes; styles slender, less
Page 197 and 198:
175 7. Laminar nectaries absent; le
Page 199 and 200:
177 11. Androgynophore less than 11
Page 201 and 202:
179 15. Outer coronal filaments gre
Page 203 and 204:
181 22. Central vein length more th
Page 205 and 206:
183 Slender, climbing, perennial vi
Page 207 and 208:
185 greenish yellow with a flush of
Page 209 and 210:
187 Antigua, Wullschlager 240 (M).
Page 211 and 212:
189 Waterloo, Degener 18853 (GH, NY
Page 213 and 214:
191 29 (NY); San Andrés Island, al
Page 215 and 216:
193 ISLA DE JUVENTUD: Nueva Gerona,
Page 217 and 218:
195 (B). Dominican Republic. -BAORU
Page 219 and 220:
197 Exploration Company a las Merce
Page 221 and 222:
199 120-140 m, Wallnöfer & Tut-Tes
Page 223 and 224:
201 Howard & Proctor 13477 (A); Mid
Page 225 and 226:
203 sobre el camino a San Gervacio,
Page 227 and 228:
205 Chelem, unos 3-5 km W de Progre
Page 229 and 230:
207 Vista, Standley 25357 (US); Nue
Page 231 and 232:
209 Ganoruwa Hill, Peradeniya, Kand
Page 233 and 234:
211 Lakela 31283 (MIN); Lagoon emba
Page 235 and 236:
213 Park, Gillis 11503 (A); Homeste
Page 237 and 238:
215 Mosier 5511 (NY); Adams Key, Sm
Page 239 and 240:
217 Road"), 4 mi. W of Miami-Dade-M
Page 241 and 242:
219 Wildlife Refuge S of Alamo, Fle
Page 243 and 244:
221 Figure 8.3. Distribution of Pas
Page 245 and 246:
223 labeled P. pallida, but it is a
Page 247 and 248:
225 the entities in the P. suberosa
Page 249 and 250:
227 Quintana Roo, México; and J. T
Page 251 and 252:
Description of Passiflora suberosa
Page 253 and 254:
231 3.1 mm in diameter, greenish ye
Page 255 and 256:
233 operculum, 0.1-0.7 mm high, 0.1
Page 257 and 258:
235 0.06-0.10 mm long, 0.02-0.03 mm
Page 259 and 260:
237 near Museum, Sarant, Saums & Wa
Page 261 and 262:
239 (about 1.5 km up from mouth of
Page 263 and 264:
241 Vieux-Fort, Mts. Caraibes, en b
Page 265 and 266:
243 BAYAMÓN: Cabra Island, San Jua
Page 267 and 268:
245 15 February 1906 (C). -SAINT TH
Page 269 and 270:
247 Figure 8.5. Flower of P. subero
Page 271 and 272:
249 possesses trilobed leaves at re
Page 273 and 274:
251 Passiflora suberosa ssp. subero
Page 275 and 276:
253 and ovoid, whereas P. suberosa
Page 277 and 278:
255 Passiflora suberosa L. var. hir
Page 279 and 280:
Distribution and ecology 257 In the
Page 281 and 282:
259 Morrone & Pensiero 6320 (MO). -
Page 283 and 284:
261 Hatschbach 52826 (C); Agua Bran
Page 285 and 286:
263 & Brand 2059b (MA); Entre Filad
Page 287 and 288:
265 Restrepo, Vereda del Río Grand
Page 289 and 290:
267 UC, US). French Overseas Territ
Page 291 and 292:
269 River near Sahal K'esh, paraje
Page 293 and 294:
271 Matuda & sus colaboradores 3160
Page 295 and 296:
273 800 m, Arguelles 909 (CAS); 4-5
Page 297 and 298:
275 antes de Aculizingo, rumbo a Or
Page 299 and 300:
277 Sagastegui, Alvitaz, Carnia, Lo
Page 301 and 302:
279 Osores, Figari, Díaz, Castaned
Page 303 and 304:
281 between Sabana Grande and Barut
Page 305 and 306:
283 shallowly trilobed leaves (comm
Page 307 and 308:
285 a b c Figure 8.8. Flowers of Pa
Page 309 and 310:
Description of Passiflora tridactyl
Page 311 and 312:
289 yellow, ratio of inner coronal
Page 313 and 314:
Notes 291 Passiflora tridactylites
Page 315 and 316:
293 suberosa ssp. litoralis do not
Page 317 and 318:
Description of Passiflora lancifoli
Page 319 and 320:
297 light reddish purple dried; and
Page 321 and 322:
299 which he called P. regalis, now
Page 323 and 324:
301 Additionally, the habitats of b
Page 325 and 326:
303 Figure 8.13. Distribution of P.
Page 327 and 328:
305 of sepals reflexed at anthesis;
Page 329 and 330:
307 regalis in his unpublished Flor
Page 331 and 332:
309 Figure 8.14. Leaves and flowers
Page 333 and 334:
311 abaxial surface, 0.6-0.9 mm in
Page 335 and 336:
313 S of Monclova, Dorr & Atkins 22
Page 337 and 338:
315 E side of Sullivan City, Correl
Page 339 and 340:
317 Noyes 5670 (DUKE, TEX); Rocky c
Page 341 and 342:
319 longer filaments in their coron
Page 343 and 344:
Description of Passiflora eglandulo
Page 345 and 346:
323 filaments at anthesis; styles 3
Page 347 and 348:
325 road between San Marcos and San
Page 349 and 350:
327 Passiflora eglandulosa is also
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
331 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, linea
Page 355 and 356:
333 Figure 8.19. Flower of P. trini
Page 357 and 358:
335 dried; androgynophore 3.8 mm lo
Page 359 and 360:
Notes 337 Passiflora clypeophylla i
Page 361 and 362:
339 wide; petioles 0.5-2.8 cm long,
Page 363 and 364:
341 Oaxaca. Tropical deciduous and
Page 365 and 366:
343 vegetatively with their distinc
Page 367 and 368:
345 with rounded edges, greenish ye
Page 369 and 370:
347 marked with ca. 11-18 foveae. G
Page 371 and 372:
349 flowers of this plant. In an un
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
353 often red (4/12) at flowering n
Page 377 and 378:
355 shrubs, small trees, boulders a
Page 379 and 380:
357 carretera a Acapulco, 240 m, He
Page 381 and 382:
359 McCormick (1982) chromatographi
Page 383 and 384:
361 Passiflora mcvaughiana Descript
Page 385 and 386:
363 diameter, whitish green, speckl
Page 387 and 388:
365 mcvaughiana possesses the wides
Page 389 and 390:
367 Figure 8.28. Fruit and seeds of
Page 391 and 392:
369 2.1 mm thick, acute at both end
Page 393 and 394:
371 Figure 8.30. Habit of P. tacana
Page 395 and 396:
373 Passiflora cheiroptera Cortés,
Page 397 and 398:
375 4/6) spots and streaks; androgy
Page 399 and 400:
377 Manizales, 1500 m, Escobar & Ur
Page 401 and 402:
379 Yotoco, hacienda San Martín po
Page 403 and 404:
381 5491 (MO); Juanjuí, 400 m, Woy
Page 405 and 406:
383 differences in the stipe and pe
Page 407 and 408:
385 Passiflora megacoriacea Descrip
Page 409 and 410:
387 with stipe 2.6-6.1 mm long, 0.9
Page 411 and 412:
389 59c (MO); Rincón de la Vieja,
Page 413 and 414:
391 vicinity of Panamá Railroad cr
Page 415 and 416:
393 Passiflora megacoriacea, as not
Page 417 and 418:
395 weight to be 29-44% in P. megac
Page 419 and 420:
397 veins, 0.5-1.4 mm in diameter,
Page 421 and 422:
Vernacular Names 399 Ala de murcié
Page 423 and 424:
401 Blake 7595 (US); Cadenas, borde
Page 425 and 426:
403 Carrizal, 550 m, Williams & Mol
Page 427 and 428:
405 Coatzacoalcos, Coatzacoalcos, e
Page 429 and 430:
407 published. It is interesting th
Page 431 and 432:
409 petiolar nectaries at or near t
Page 433 and 434:
Description of Passiflora itzensis
Page 435 and 436:
413 very dark reddish purple, ratio
Page 437 and 438:
415 species from other members of s
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
419 leaf axils or inflorescences; i
Page 443 and 444:
421 ruins), 600-700 ft., Proctor 29
Page 445 and 446:
423 vegetatively identical to P. it
Page 447 and 448:
425 DNA polymerase (Sigma-Aldrich;
Page 449 and 450:
427 Figure A.1. Structure of portio
Page 451 and 452:
429 agree in several ways: 1) there
Page 453 and 454:
431 Figure A.1. The first of 124 mo
Page 455 and 456:
LIST OF REFERENCES Bat Conservation
Page 457 and 458:
435 Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Glo
Page 459 and 460:
437 Jussieu, A.L. de. 1805b. Second
Page 461 and 462:
439 Masters, M.T. 1871. Contributio
Page 463 and 464:
441 National Imagery and Mapping Ag
Page 465 and 466:
443 Stevens, P.F. 1991. Character s
show all

Revision of Passiflora Subgenus Decaloba ... - Passion Flowers

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?