Rover 214 & 414 Service and Repair Manual - Rover club
Rover 214 & 414 Service and Repair Manual - Rover club
Rover 214 & 414 Service and Repair Manual - Rover club
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29.1 Wheel alignment <strong>and</strong> steering angles<br />
29 Wheel alignment <strong>and</strong><br />
steering angles 5<br />
1 A vehicle’s steering <strong>and</strong> suspension<br />
geometry is defined in five basic settings. All<br />
angles are expressed in degrees <strong>and</strong> the<br />
steering axis is defined as an imaginary line<br />
drawn through the centres of the front<br />
suspension upper <strong>and</strong> lower balljoints,<br />
extended where necessary to contact the<br />
ground (see illustration).<br />
Camber<br />
2 Camber is the angle between each<br />
roadwheel <strong>and</strong> a vertical line drawn through<br />
its centre <strong>and</strong> tyre contact patch when viewed<br />
from the front or rear of the vehicle.<br />
Positive camber is when the roadwheels are<br />
tilted outwards from the vertical at the top.<br />
Negative camber is when they are tilted<br />
inwards.<br />
3 Camber is not adjustable <strong>and</strong> given for<br />
reference only. While it can be checked using<br />
a camber checking gauge, if the figure<br />
obtained is significantly different from that<br />
specified, then the vehicle must be taken for<br />
careful checking by a professional, as the fault<br />
can only be caused by wear or damage to the<br />
body or suspension components.<br />
Castor<br />
4 Castor is the angle between the steering<br />
axis <strong>and</strong> a vertical line drawn through each<br />
roadwheel’s centre <strong>and</strong> tyre contact patch<br />
when viewed from the side of the vehicle.<br />
Positive castor is when the steering axis is<br />
tilted so that it contacts the ground ahead of<br />
the vertical. Negative castor is when it<br />
contacts the ground behind the vertical.<br />
5 Castor is not adjustable <strong>and</strong> is given for<br />
reference only. While it can be checked using<br />
a castor checking gauge, if the figure obtained<br />
is significantly different from that specified,<br />
then the vehicle must be taken for careful<br />
checking by a professional, as the fault can<br />
only be caused by wear or damage to the<br />
body or suspension components.<br />
1689 <strong>Rover</strong> <strong>214</strong> & <strong>414</strong> Updated Version 09/97<br />
Suspension <strong>and</strong> steering 10•21<br />
Steering axis inclination/SAI<br />
6 Also known as kingpin inclination/KPI, this<br />
is the angle between the steering axis <strong>and</strong> a<br />
vertical line drawn through each roadwheel’s<br />
centre <strong>and</strong> tyre contact patch when viewed<br />
from the front or rear of the vehicle.<br />
7 SAI/KPI is not adjustable <strong>and</strong> is given for<br />
reference only.<br />
Toe<br />
8 Toe is the difference, viewed from above,<br />
between lines drawn through the roadwheel<br />
centres <strong>and</strong> the vehicle’s centre-line. Toe-in is<br />
when the roadwheels point inwards, towards<br />
each other at the front. Toe-out is when they<br />
splay outwards from each other at the front.<br />
9 At the front, toe setting is adjusted by<br />
screwing the track rods in or out of their<br />
balljoints to alter the effective length of the<br />
track rod assemblies.<br />
10 At the rear, toe setting is adjusted by<br />
slackening the front lateral link-to-body pivot<br />
bolt <strong>and</strong> repositioning the bolt in its mounting<br />
slot, thereby altering the position of the trailing<br />
arm assembly.<br />
Toe-out on turns<br />
11 Also known as turning angles or<br />
Ackermann angles, this is the difference,<br />
viewed from above, between the angles of<br />
rotation of the inside <strong>and</strong> outside front<br />
roadwheels when they have been turned<br />
through a given angle.<br />
12 Toe-out on turns is set in production <strong>and</strong><br />
is not adjustable as such, but can be upset by<br />
altering the length of the track rods unequally.<br />
It is essential, therefore, to ensure that the<br />
track rod lengths are exactly the same <strong>and</strong><br />
that they are turned by the same amount<br />
whenever the toe setting is altered.<br />
Checking <strong>and</strong> adjustment<br />
13 Due to the special measuring equipment<br />
necessary to check wheel alignment <strong>and</strong> the<br />
skill required to use it properly, checking <strong>and</strong><br />
adjustment of the aformentioned settings is<br />
best left to a <strong>Rover</strong> dealer or similar expert.<br />
Note that most tyre-fitting shops now possess<br />
sophisticated checking equipment.<br />
10