2 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И МЕТОДИКА РАБОТ - Courrier international

8. DETERMINATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES OF REMOVAL OF SPENT
TECHNICAL LIQUIDS AND OILS, CONTAINING ESPECIALLY HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES
8.1. Analysis of technologies of removal of hazardous wastes and substantiation of the best
development direction.
Data presented in Appendix 1 show that the number of the state-of-the-art methods and
technologies of elimination of hazardous organic waste amounts for hundreds of developments.
In this context, having regard to the elimination of organic waste in the Arctic zone it is useful to
systematize primary data for further substantiation of the most appropriate technology.
This subsection is dedicated to this direction of research. It provides summary information
presented in [52] concerning, primarily, the elimination of the most hazardous types of waste
PCB both in the main technological equipment and the most hazardous substance itself.
8.1.1. Analysis of PCB deactivation technologies in contaminated transformers an containers
The technologies of decontamination (washing) of transformers and containers currently used are
divided into two main groups.
The first, the biggest group is the technologies of PCB washing with the further elimination of
transformers and containers.
The second, small group is the technologies of washing transformer inside from PCB with
subsequent filling the alternative liquid (retrofill).
Foreign industrial technology belonging to the first group are united by the common principles
of their implementation. This modus operandi is to pre-wash transformer "in assembly", and then
dismantle and additionally wash metal parts till PCB content on the surface reaches less than 50
ppm (mg / kg). Metal parts with such a low residual PCB content belong to non-hazardous waste
according European standards and can be disposed of by any acceptable way. The rest of the
transformer, wooden and cardboard waste containing more than 50 ppm (mg / kg) of PCB are
burned or disposed of in special landfills in compliance with the stringent requirements of
environmental safety.
Therefore, foreign industrial cleaning technologies of washing transformers and containers from
PCB using a solvent are a multiple-stage process involving both expensive and relatively cheap
equipment [53 - 55]. Performance of foreign plants to wash transformers and containers from
PCB is from 2000 to 30000 tons per year. The cost of washing a ton of transformers and
containers is from 800 to 1650 U.S. dollars.
The examination of three Russian technologies of washing transformers and containers from
PCB showed that they all belong to technology group 1:
washing from PCB methylene chloride vapors, is recommended by JSC Petrokhim-Tekhnologia
together with RSC Prikladnaya Khimia, after checking in a pilot scale [56,57];
washing from PCB using toluene is presented by enterprise "GITOS" after pilot testing [58];
washing from PCB using water wash liquid was recommended by Novolipetsk Metallurgical
Complex after pilot testing [59].
All Russian technologies provide for cleaning transformers from PCB "in-assembly" only with
their subsequent disassembly and disposal of metal parts
FINAL REPORT for Contract No. CS-NPA-Arctic-13/2009 of December 01, 2009 within the framework of pilot project Development
of Technology of clean up of the area of Decommissioned Sites of The Russian Federation Ministry of Defense in the Arctic by the
Example of Alexanra Island of Franz Josef Land Archipelago from Hazardous Waste
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