2 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И МЕТОДИКА РАБОТ - Courrier international

elimination;
processing to produce non-toxic substances.
Technologically theurial is quite simple. Environmentally the burial carried out in accordance
with strict regulatory requirements, does not eliminate hazards that could re-emerge due to
PCB. Therefore, the disposal relates to the deferred time disposal of PCB by any method
available. The cost of burial in different countries varies from 700 to $ 1000 per 1 ton of PCBcontaining
wastes. The cost of burial of PCB-containing wastes in Russia at the landfill Krasny
Bor is $ 700 per 1 ton.
Abroad, as a rule, only liquid wastes containing less than 1% PCB chemically processed.
Chemical processing equipment consists of large equipment, in which the required process
parameters are easily achieved. Abroad, chemical processing technology provides non-hazardous
products in which the PCB content is less than 50 ppm.
In Russia, liquid waste containing about 90% of PCB are chemically processed. sulfonation PCB
source eith oleum to further decontaminate the product does not allow to reach the degree of
conversion of PCB of more than 99%. As a result the products contain more than 50 ppm of PCB
what is classifies by European standards as hazardous waste, and requires their elimination or
disposal in special landfills. Abroad, the cost of chemical processing of PCB-containing wastes
varies from 2000 to 4000 U.S. dollars. In Russia the cost of chemical processing of 1 ton of PCB
is about 3000 U.S. dollars.
the international experience of PCB elimination shows that the main method adopted in world
practice, is a high-temperature oxidation using reactors with different design features. The basic
technology of high-oxidation of PCB are installations using a rotary furnace, a static furnace,
with the injection of liquid wastes and plasma.
Russia has developed several methods for elimination of chlorinated wastes, including PCB. The
most promising are the methods of incineration, which use [52]:
high-temperature furnace with a cyclone reactor;
high-temperature combustion chamber of rocket engines;
installations based on liquid rocket engines;
installations based on a plasma-chemical technology;
elimination in the flow of hot gases;
explosion of patronized explosive, containing chemically neutralized containing PCB;
high-temperature combustion and contact heating fuel;
blast furnaces;
cement furnaces.
Among the methods of extreme physical and chemical effects it is expedient to describe the
methods of supercritical water oxidation and electro-hydraulic shock [60, 61].
The method of supercritical water [60] oxidation is based on the oxidation of organic compounds
with oxygen or hydrogen peroxide in supercritical water to form environmentally safe
substances: water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Process is completed within several minutes due
to the fact that supercritical water (pressure over 22.1 MPa, temperature above 374 0C)
completely dissolves any organic compounds and oxygen.
Results of preliminary research method SCWO showed that neutralization of sewagecontaminated
nitroefirnymi components, dimethylformamide, acetic acid, ethanol, tolueneom or
FINAL REPORT for Contract No. CS-NPA-Arctic-13/2009 of December 01, 2009 within the framework of pilot project Development
of Technology of clean up of the area of Decommissioned Sites of The Russian Federation Ministry of Defense in the Arctic by the
Example of Alexanra Island of Franz Josef Land Archipelago from Hazardous Waste
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