2 ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ И МЕТОДИКА РАБОТ - Courrier international

unidentified substances occurs with high efficiency. This method provides a degree of
transformation of organic pollutants into nontoxic components of at least 99,9%.
Along with the advantage of the method is necessary to note its shortcomings. These are, first
and foremost, you must include the following aspects.
First, the unit cost method SCWO is much higher than almost all existing methods of elimination
of industrial hazardous wastes.
Second, it is required to develop the preliminary preparation procedure of waste to be eliminated,
including deactivation of toxic substances. The need to prepare water solutions of pollutants to
be eliminated may lead to economic unprofitability of the method.
Third, the restriction can be traced to the possibility of highly toxic substances elimination using
SCWO due to their preliminary neutralization. Thus, in the case of detoxication of compounds
with reagent method, a multicomponent system will be created containing an organic component
of exhaust gases (mainly - acid gases). It will require the development of a preliminary stage of
clean up sufficiently large in size and power consumption for further implementation of
SCWO. This situation applies fully to the preparation using the methods of physical effects: UV,
IR - radiation, thermal effects, etc.
Fourth, the unresolved problem is the deposition of solid products resulting from water oxidation
and the consequent blockage of communications and stop of the process.
The method of electrohydraulic [61] shock is based on the effect of short-pulse high-voltage
electrohydraulic discharge on the organic components in a liquid medium. EHS combines
simultaneous effect on the substance of strong mechanical compression of powerful ultrasound,
hard X-ray, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. The electromagnetic fields formed during the
discharge also have a strong impact both on the discharge itself, and on the ionic processes
occurring in surrounding fluid. Under their influence different physical and chemical changes
and chemical reactions occur in the processed materials
.
The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by the results of studies by Russian scientists
[62.63], which established the possibility of coversion of wastewater containing benzene, phenol,
saturated hydrocarbons into environmentally safe compounds - elementary carbon carbon (soot),
carbon monoxide (IV), water. In addition, high efficiency was proven of disinfection of
wastewater from E. coli, spores of anthrax vaccine and antrakoida.
Analyzing the above method, it should be noted that significant negative aspects exist in terms of
its applicability to the problem of the elimination of POPs: high cost of installation and power
consumption, the need for preliminary preparation of water solutions (suspensions) of drugs, etc.
On the basis of existing technical, environmental and economic requirements for POPs
Elimination Technologies, all possible processes of PCB and spent oil elimination of PCB have
been preliminarily assessed.
The assessment shows that the most appropriate technologies for elimination of PCB is thermal
method based on the technology of high-temperature oxidation.
Thermal method of treatment is the most popular in the world practice of disposal of carbonic
industrial and domestic waste. In addition, this method is cost effective and acceptable in terms
of sanitary-hygienic rules, i.e. the final content of hazardous impurities after thermal
decontamination does not exceed their maximum permissible concentrations.
FINAL REPORT for Contract No. CS-NPA-Arctic-13/2009 of December 01, 2009 within the framework of pilot project Development
of Technology of clean up of the area of Decommissioned Sites of The Russian Federation Ministry of Defense in the Arctic by the
Example of Alexanra Island of Franz Josef Land Archipelago from Hazardous Waste
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