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TOPOGRAPHY PEKING. 167
The northern, which forms a regular square, is the " Tatar " or " Manchu ;
" the
southern, the Chinese town. This quarter was formerly a mere suburb, which in
the sixteenth century was enclosed by an imposing earthen rampart
faced with
bricks, 50 feet high, flanked by square towers at intervals of 200 yards, and broad
a moat from the
enough on top for carriage traffic. The walls are separated by
outer gardens and some wretched suburbs straggling into the country. The
Fig. 73.
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THE TEMPLE OF HEAVEX, PUKING.
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Chinese town, which, if not the more populous, is the more industrious of the two,
resembles ;i large; camping ground or market-place rather than a city properly so
called. The irregular open spaces are obstructed with carts and tents, while the
thoroughfares arc bordered by hollow footpaths little better than muddy quagmires
in wet, and sand-heaps in dry weather. The foul liquid of some open
drains is used to water the streets, and at one of the most crowded cross-roads