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THE EIU-KIU (LU-CHU) AND GOTO AECH1PELAGOS. 885
five inches wide, always of a different colour from the dress, and in general richly
ornamented with wrought silk and gold flowers. The whole of the dress folds
easily, and has a graceful and picturesque appearance.
" Their hair is of jet black, and is kept glossy by juice expressed from a leaf. It
is pulled tight up all round and formed at the top into a compact knot, so as to conceal
the crown of the head, which is shaved. Through the knot are thrust two metal
pins, from four to six inches in length.
what they called a '
The higher orders wear on state occasions
hatchee-matchee', a kind of turban made by winding a broad
band round a cylinder in such a way that a small segment of each fold is shown at
every turn, in front above, and behind below.
" The cattle, which are of a small black breed, are used exclusively for agricul-
tural purposes. Hogs, goats, and poultry, with rice and a great variety of vegetables,
form the food of the inhabitants. Milk is never used. There are no sheep nor
asses, and the horses are of a small slight make, and the natives are very fond of
riding. The mode of dressing the ground is neat, and resembles the Chinese,
particularly in manuring and irrigating it. Besides the sugar-cane, they grow
tobacco, wheat, rice, Indian corn, millet, sweet potatoes and many other vegetables.
" The bamboo and rattan grow to a considerable size, but the pine is the most
conspicuous tree on the island, growing to a great height and size. The baniantree
of India was seen at
temple
several places, the finest one overhanging the small
at Xapa-kiang." *
are
The Goto Islands, chosen by the Japanese Government as a place of banishment,
barely separated from Kiu-siu by a narrow channel studded with rocks and
reefs. They form, with Hirado, a section of the orographic system, of which Pumpelly
regards Chusau and the Nmgpo Highlands as a continuation. Iki, lying to the
north-west of Kiu-siu, is also a geographical dependence of this island. But
Tsu-sima, standing in the very centre of Korea Strait, between the Broughton and
Krusenstern Channels, seems to belong rather to the mainland than to Nip-pon.
Some of its animal and vegetable species show an affinity to those of Manchuria.
It long served as the commercial entrepot between Korea and Japan, and the
almost independent Prince of Tsu-sima enjoyed a monopoly of the exchanges
through Fusan, before that port was thrown open to Japanese shipping. In 1861
soi IK- Kii"i;in officers made a settlement in the island, with the ostensible purpose of
building dockyards for the repair of their vessels, but in consequence of a diplomatic
conflict with England, they abandoned the station. It was situated near Fachu,
the capital, on a broad inlet, which at high water divides Tsu-sima into two parts.
Japan and its dependent islands, occupying an essentially volcanic area, are
subject to frequent earthquakes, due probably to the pressure of the vapours pent
up near the surface of the ground. During the historic period
the most violent
shocks have occurred in the neighbourhood of the large volcanoes, and more espe-
cially in the plains of Tokio, which lie near Fusi-san, and which are watered by
streams descending from Asama-yama. As many as 100,000 souls are said to
have ]>c i-i>ln (I in \^->\, when the greater part of Yedo was destroyed.
" VoyHge to Korea and Lu-chu," p. 203, et stq.