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882
EAST ASIA.
father, and to Japan we turn as to a mother. . . . Has not Confucius said that
fealty is better than life? Ask us not to be disloyal, and forfeit our honour."
He was fain to and in
yield, 1874, after the victorious expedition of the Japanese
to Formosa, the kingling was dethroned and Lu-chu definitely proclaimed a simple
ken, or integral part of Nip-pon.
The reports of the learned Chinese Supao-kwang, sent by the Emperor Kang-hi
to the archipelago in 1719, were the only important documents we possessed
Fig. 179.
GEOLOGY OF JAPAN.
Scale 1 : 15,000,000.
Active Vuleanues (from Jtipaneoe (sources).
Sedimentary rocks. Crystalline rocks. Alluvium.
300 Miles.
Igneona.
regarding these islands down to the beginning of this century. But since the
expeditions of Broughton in 1797, and of Maxwell and Basil Hall in 1816,
numerous navigators of all nations, such as Jurien de la Graviere, Beechey,
Belcher, and Perry, have visited the port of Nafa, in the main island, and pub-
lished the accounts of their voyages. Both Catholic and Protestant missionaries
have also resided in Lu-chu, while the Japanese and Europeans of Yokohama have
even passed the winter season in the "Three San," in order to enjoy a milder
climate than that of Central Nip-pon. But the result of these visits has so far
been to render the local nomenclature more perplexing than it was in the time of